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Plamboeck, A.H. (author), Stöven, S. (author), Duarte Davidson, R. (author), Fykse, E.M. (author), Griffiths, M. (author), Nieuwenhuizen, M.S. (author), Rivier, C. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author)The threat of terrorists using CBRN agents continues to pose a risk of mass casualties and severe disruption of societal functions in Europe. Standardisation of crisis management activities is one important step towards effective national and international interoperability and increased resilience. Understanding which CBRN agents are involved in...article 2016
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de Jong, E.G. (author), Lightfoot, P. (author), Mak, W.A. (author), Pfeil, N. (author), Wehrstedt, K.-D. (author)IGUS is the International Group of Experts on the Explosion Risks of Unstable Substances. Today, the aim of the group is to exchange information on the behavior of unstable substances and to improve safety in production, storage, transport, and use of these substances. Full members of IGUS work for governments and independent research...article 2012
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Respiratory sensitization: Advances in assessing the risk of respiratory inflammation and irritationVandebriel, R. (author), Callant Cransveld, C. (author), Crommelin, D. (author), Diamant, Z. (author), Glazenburg, B. (author), Joos, G. (author), Kuper, F. (author), Natsch, A. (author), Nijkamp, F. (author), Noteborn, H. (author), Pieters, R. (author), Roberts, D. (author), Roggen, E. (author), Rorije, E. (author), Seed, M. (author), Sewald, K. (author), van den Heuvel, R. (author), van Engelen, J. (author), Verstraelen, S. (author), van Loveren, H. (author)Respiratory sensitization provides a case study for a new approach to chemical safety evaluation, as the prevalence of respiratory sensitization has increased considerably over the last decades, but animal and/or human experimental/predictive models are not currently available. Therefore, the goal of a working group was to design a road map to...article 2011
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Hulsbosch-Dam, C.E.C. (author), Spruijt, M.P.N. (author), Trijssenaar-Buhre, I.J.M. (author)A large release of Carbon Dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) is modelled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), (Fluent v12.1). Special attention is given to the modelling of a neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with gravity. Both the presence of non-vapour CO<inf>2</inf> and the high density of CO<inf>2</inf> require that the effect of gravity is...conference paper 2011
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Schinkel, J. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Heussen, H. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Marquart, H. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: For regulatory risk assessment under REACH a tiered approach is proposed in which the first tier models should provide a conservative exposure estimate that can discriminate between scenarios which are of concern and those which are not. The Stoffenmanager is mentioned as a first tier approach in the REACH guidance. In an attempt to...article 2010
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Schaafsma, G. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), Tielemans, E.L.J.P. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), van Leeuwen, C.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The objectives of REACH cannot be achieved under the current risk assessment approach. A change in mind set among all the relevant stakeholders is needed: risk assessment should move away from a labor-intensive and animal-consuming approach to intelligent and pragmatic testing, by combining exposure and hazard data effectively and trying to...article 2009
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van Leeuwen, K. (author), Schultz, T.W. (author), Henry, T. (author), Diderich, B. (author), Veith, G.D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Hazard assessments of chemicals have been limited by the availability of test data and the time needed to evaluate the test data. While available data may be inadequate for the majority of industrial chemicals, the body of existing knowledge for most hazards is large enough to permit reliable estimates to be made for untested chemicals without...article 2009
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Vinken, M. (author), Doktorova, T. (author), Ellinger-Ziegelbauer, H. (author), Ahr, H.-J. (author), Lock, E. (author), Carmichael, P. (author), Roggen, E. (author), van Delft, J. (author), Kleinjans, J. (author), Castell, J. (author), Bort, R. (author), Donato, T. (author), Ryan, M. (author), Corvi, R. (author), Keun, H. (author), Ebbels, T. (author), Athersuch, T. (author), Sansone, S.-A. (author), Rocca-Serra, P. (author), Stierum, R. (author), Jennings, P. (author), Pfaller, W. (author), Gmuender, H. (author), Vanhaecke, T. (author), Rogiers, V. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Recent changes in the European legislation of chemical-related substances have forced the scientific community to speed up the search for alternative methods that could partly or fully replace animal experimentation. The Sixth Framework Program project carcinoGENOMICS was specifically raised to develop omics-based in vitro screens for testing...article 2008
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Tielemans, E. (author), Noy, D. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Heussen, H. (author), van der Schaaf, D. (author), West, J. (author), Fransman, W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)In The Netherlands, the web-based tool called 'Stoffenmanager' was initially developed to assist small- and medium-sized enterprises to prioritize and control risks of handling chemical products in their workplaces. The aim of the present study was to explore the accuracy of the Stoffenmanager exposure algorithm. This was done by comparing its...article 2008
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Tielemans, E. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Warren, N. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), van Hemmen, J. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The present paper proposes a source-receptor model to schematically describe inhalation exposure to help understand the complex processes leading to inhalation of hazardous substances. The model considers a stepwise transfer of a contaminant from the source to the receptor. The conceptual model is constructed using three components, i.e. (i) the...article 2008
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Marquart, H. (author), Heussen, H. (author), Le Feber, M. (author), Noy, D. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), West, J. (author), van der Schaaf, D. (author)In the scope of a Dutch programme to reinforce the working conditions policy on hazardous substances, an internet-based tool was developed to help small- and medium-sized companies to handle hazardous substances with more care. The heart of this tool, called the Stoffenmanager, is a risk banding scheme. It combines a hazard banding scheme...article 2008
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van Wendel de Joode, B. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author), Heederik, D. (author), van Ginkel, K. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)We performed an exploratory study to evaluate 2 self-administered questionnaires assessing hand dermatitis and investigate a possible exposure-response relationship between dermal exposure to semi-synthetic metalworking fluids (SMWF) and dermatitis. In a cross-sectional survey on dermatitis, a symptom-based questionnaire and a picture-based skin...article 2007
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Links, I. (author), Jagt, K.E.V.D. (author), Christopher, Y. (author), Lurvink, M. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Hemmen, J.J.V. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Exposure data on biocides are relatively rare in published literature, especially for secondary exposure. This is also the case for antifouling exposure. Therefore, a field study was carried out measuring exposure to antifouling paints. Both primary exposure (rolling and spraying) and secondary exposure (during sand blasting) were studied....article 2007
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Freidig, A.P. (author), Dekkers, S. (author), Verwei, M. (author), Zvinavashe, E. (author), Bessems, J.G.M. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Future EU legislations enforce a fast hazard and risk assessment of thousands of existing chemicals. If conducted by means of present data requirements, this assessment will use a huge number of test animals and will be neither cost nor time effective. The purpose of the current research was to develop methods to increase the acceptability of in...article 2007
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- Kimber, I. (author), Agius, R. (author), Basketter, D.A. (author), Corsini, E. (author), Cullinan, P. (author), Dearman, R.J. (author), Gimenez-Arnau, E. (author), Greenwell, L. (author), Hartung, T. (author), Kuper, F. (author), Maestrelli, P. (author), Roggen, E. (author), Rovida, C. (author), Casati, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2007
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Marquart, H. (author), Warren, N.D. (author), Laitinen, J. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Dermal exposure needs to be addressed in regulatory risk assessment of chemicals. The models used so far are based on very limited data. The EU project RISKOFDERM has gathered a large number of new measurements on dermal exposure to industrial chemicals in various work situations, together with information on possible determinants of exposure....article 2006
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Warren, N.D. (author), Marquart, H. (author), Christopher, Y. (author), Laitinen, J. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The regulatory risk assessment of chemicals requires the estimation of occupational dermal exposure. Until recently, the models used were either based on limited data or were specific to a particular class of chemical or application. The EU project RISKOFDERM has gathered a considerable number of new measurements of dermal exposure together with...article 2006
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van Wendel de Joode, B. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: The authors recently developed a Dermal Exposure Assessment Method (DREAM), an observational semiquantitative method to assess dermal exposures by systematically evaluating exposure determinants using pre-assigned default values. Aim: To explore the accuracy of the DREAM method by comparing its estimates with quantitative dermal...article 2005
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van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Chemicals / CAS: 4,4' methylenedianiline, 101-77-9; Hazardous Substances.article 2004
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Rajan-Sithamparanadarajah, R. (author), Roff, M. (author), Delgado, P. (author), Eriksson, K. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Gijsbers, J.H.J. (author), Hughson, G. (author), Mäkinen, M. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Workplace dermal exposure assessment is a complex task that aims to understand the dynamic interaction between the skin and the hazardous substances present in the surrounding environment. A European project known as RISKOFDERM gathered dermal exposure data in 85 workplaces (industrial and other types) in five countries in Europe. In order to...article 2004