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Shogenova, A. (author), Shogenov, K. (author), Pomeranceva, R. (author), Nulle, I. (author), Neele, F. (author), Hendriks, C. (author)Industrial CO2 emissions and opportunities for CO2 geological storage in the Baltic Region were studied within the EU GeoCapacity project supported by the European Union Framework Programme 6. Estonia produces the largest amounts of CO2 emissions in the region, due to the combustion of Estonian oil shale for energy production. Owing to the...conference paper 2011
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Willems, F.P.T. (author), Cloudt, R.P.M. (author)Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a promising diesel aftertreatment technology that enables low nitrogen oxides (NOx) tailpipe emissions with relatively low fuel consumption. Future emission legislation is pushing the boundaries for SCR control systems to achieve high NOx conversion within a tailpipe ammonia (NH3) slip constraint, and to...article 2011
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- Ploeg, J. (author), Serrarens, A.F.A. (author) conference paper 2011
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- Verbeek, R.P. (author), Kadijk, G. (author), van Mensch, P. (author), Wulffers, C.A. (author), van den Beemt, C.B.P.J. (author), Fraga, F.S. (author) report 2011
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Ploeg, J. (author), Serrarens, A.F.A. (author), Heijenk, G.J. (author)Road throughput can be increased by driving at small inter-vehicle time gaps. The amplification of velocity disturbances in upstream direction, however, poses limitations to the minimum feasible time gap. This effect is covered by the notion of string stability. String-stable behavior is thus considered an essential requirement for the design of...article 2011
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Bolech, M. (author), Foster, D.L. (author), de Lange, R. (author), Rodarius, C. (author)Within the departments Environmentally Sustainable Transport and Automotive of TNO (Netherlands organisation for applied scientific research) several projects investigating safety aspects of electric vehicles have been conducted, including one in cooperation with KEMA and RDW of the Netherlands. Most attention in these projects was given to cars...conference paper 2010
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van Keulen, T. (author), de Jager, B. (author), Foster, D.L. (author), Steinbuch, M. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) enable fuel savings by re-using kinetic and potential energy that was recovered and stored in a battery during braking or driving down hill. Besides, the vehicle itself can be seen as a storage device, where kinetic energy can be stored and retrieved by changing the forward velocity. It is beneficial for fuel...conference paper 2010
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Hulskotte, J.H.J. (author), Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)A methodology is presented to estimate the emissions of ships at berth based on their actual fuel consumption and the fuel quality. Accurate estimates of emissions from ships at berth demand reliable knowledge of the fuel consumption while at berth and associated fuel characteristics. However, assured information about energy use and fuel...article 2010
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Naus, G.J.L. (author), Ploeg, J. (author), van de Molengraft, M.J.G. (author), Heemels, W.P.M.H. (author), Steinbuch, M. (author)The combination of different desirable characteristics and situation-dependent behavior cause the design of adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems to be time consuming and tedious. This chapter presents a systematic approach for the design and tuning of an ACC, based on model predictive control (MPC). A unique feature of the synthesized ACC is...conference paper 2010
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Kessels, J.T.B.A. (author), Foster, D.L. (author), Bleuanus, W.A.J. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The conversion efficiency of three way catalytic converters is mainly defined by the temperature range wherein they are operating. Traditionally, ignition retard has been used to reduce the light-off time of the catalyst. This is however associated with a fuel penalty. With increasing vehicle electrification, electrically heating facilities...article 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Veraar, R.G. (author), Mayer, A.E.H.J. (author), Verreault, J. (author), Stowe, R.A. (author), Farinaccio, R. (author), Harris, P.G. (author)By injecting and mixing the fuel upstream of the combustor and initiating the combustion of the fuel-air mixture by a shock wave in the combustor, shock-induced combustion ramjets offer the potential to drastically reduce the length and mass of scramjet propulsion systems. Based on extensive numerical gas dynamic and thermo-mechanical analysis,...conference paper 2010
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Klein-Douwel, R.J.H. (author), Frijters, P.J.M. (author), Seykens, X.L.J. (author), Somers, L.M.T. (author), Baert, R.S.G. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Formation of nonevaporating sprays from diesel fuel injection through a realistic heavy duty multihole common rail injector is studied in a newly developed high-pressure, high-temperature cell, using digital highspeed shadowgraphy at 4500 frames/s. Gas pressure was varied from 13 to 37 bar (corresponding to densities of 15-42 kg/m3, using N2 at...article 2009
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Tol, C.S.P. (author), Evenblij, B.H. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The ability to store electrical energy adds several interesting features to a ships distribution network, as silent power, peak shaving and a ride through in case of generator failure. Modern intrinsically safe Li-ion batteries bring these within reach. For this modern lithium battery applications thermal management is vital in achieving a good...conference paper 2009
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Boot, M. (author), Frijters, P. (author), Luijten, C. (author), Somers, B. (author), Baert, R.S.G. (author), Donkerbroek, A. (author), Klein-Douwel, R.J.H. (author), Dam, N. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Combustion behavior of various oxygenated fuels has been studied in a DAF heavy-duty (HD) directinjection (DI) diesel engine. From these fuels, it is well-known that they lead to lower particle (PM) emissions; however, for a given fuel oxygen mass fraction, there are significant differences in PM reduction. Although this can be traced back to...article 2009
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Klein-Douwel, R.J.H. (author), Donkerbroek, A.J. (author), van Vliet, A.P. (author), Boot, M.D. (author), Somers, L.M.T. (author), Baert, R.S.G. (author), Dam, N.J. (author), ter Meulen, J.J. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)High-speed imaging, spectroscopy and thermodynamical characterization are applied to an optically accessible, heavy-duty diesel engine in order to compare sooting and chemiluminescence behaviour of bio-derived, oxygenated fuels and various reference fuels. The fuels concerned include the bio-derived fuels Jatropha oil (pure), Jatropha...conference paper 2009
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Blomen, E. (author), Hendriks, C. (author), Neele, F. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)In this status report we want to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and promising technologies of CO2 capture by means of a literature review, in-house knowledge and interviews. We describe the technology, bottlenecks towards implementation and potential use. The results will be used to provide input to the computer model...article 2009
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Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. (author), Appelman, W. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Large-scale use of leaded gasoline was an important source of the neurotoxin lead in the European environment. After a sequence of regulations on the allowed gasoline lead content and, eventually, a ban on the use of lead additives in gasoline, road transport was no longer considered a source of atmospheric lead. Currently a discrepancy exists...article 2009
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Suurs, R.A.A. (author), Hekkert, M.P. (author), Smits, R.E.H.M. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)This study provides insight into the development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in the Netherlands (1980-2007). This is done by applying a Technological Innovation System (TIS) approach. This approach takes the perspective that a technology is shaped by a surrounding network of actors, institutions and technologies. When a technology is...article 2009
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Halswijk, W.H.C. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The Variable-Flow Ducted Rocket (VFDR) is a type of ramjet that can control the fuel mass flow to the combustion chamber. It combines the high efficiency at high-speed of ramjets with the throttlability of turbofans, and this makes VFDR propulsion an excellent choice for high speed, long range missiles. This is especially true because the...conference paper 2009
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Veraar, R.G. (author), Mayer, A.E.H.J. (author), Verreault, J. (author), Stowe, R.A. (author), Farinaccio, R. (author), Harris, P.G. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)By injecting and mixing the fuel upstream of the combustor and initiating the combustion of the fuel-air mixture by a shock wave in the combustor, shock-induced combustion ramjets offer the potential to drastically reduce the length and mass of scramjet propulsion systems. Based on extensive numerical gas dynamic and thermo-mechanical analysis,...conference paper 2009