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Boor, V. (author), Frijns, J.E.B.M. (author), Perez-Gallent, E. (author), Giling, E. (author), Laitinen, A.T. (author), Goetheer, E.L.V. (author), van den Broeke, L.J.P. (author), Kortlever, R. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Moultos, O.A. (author), Vlugt, T.J.H. (author), Ramdin, M. (author)We performed H-cell and flow cell experiments to study the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to oxalic acid (OA) on a lead (Pb) cathode in various nonaqueous solvents. The effects of anolyte, catholyte, supporting electrolyte, temperature, water content, and cathode potential on the Faraday efficiency (FE), current density (CD), and product...article 2022
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Jin, Y. (author), Scherer, L. (author), Sutanudjaja, E.H. (author), Tukker, A. (author), Behrens, P. (author)Large numbers of China's thermal power plants are in water-stressed regions. Changes in the availability of water resources due to climate change may impact the vulnerability of regional and national electricity generation. Here we explore this vulnerability for coal-fired power units (CPUs) as the generation-type most exposed to climate risk....article 2022
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Kaminski, T. (author), Scholze, M. (author), Rayner, P. (author), Houweling, S. (author), Vossbeck, M. (author), Silver, J. (author), Lama, S. (author), Buchwitz, M. (author), Reuter, M. (author), Knorr, W. (author), Chen, H.W. (author), Kuhlmann, G. (author), Brunner, D. (author), Dellaert, S.N.C. (author), Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. (author), Super, I. (author), Loscher, A. (author), Meijer, Y. (author)The European Copernicus programme plans to install a constellation of multiple polar orbiting satellites (Copernicus Anthropogenic CO2 Monitoring Mission, CO2M mission) for observing atmospheric CO2 content with the aim to estimate fossil fuel CO2 emissions. We explore the impact of potential CO2M observations of column-averaged CO2 (XCO2),...article 2022
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Hauck, M. (author), Sair, A.A. (author), Steinmann, Z. (author), Visschedijk, A. (author), O'Connor, D. (author), Denier van der Gon, H. (author)The carbon footprint of shale gas combusted in Europe was estimated from nine European shale gas plays as potential production regions. Greenhouse gas emission sources during shale gas production, such as fugitives from hydraulic fracturing or combustion emissions from horizontal drilling, were added to emissions occurring for conventional gas...article 2019
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Yuan, R. (author), Behrens, P. (author), Tukker, A. (author), Rodrigues, J.F.D. (author)China has embarked on a massive program of low-carbon electricity (LE) deployment, in order to reduce its current dependence on coal. The cumulative installed capacity of LE in 2015 was almost four times of that in 2002. Moreover, China has a target of 20% for non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption by 2030. LE provides substantial carbon...article 2018
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Glasius, M. (author), Hansen, A.M.K. (author), Claeys, M. (author), Henzing, J.S. (author), Jedynska, A.D. (author), Kasper-Giebl, A. (author), Kistler, M. (author), Kristensen, K. (author), Martinsson, J. (author), Maenhaut, W. (author), Nøjgaard, J.K. (author), Spindler, G. (author), Stenström, K.E. (author), Swietlicki, E. (author), Szidat, S. (author), Simpson, D. (author), Yttri, K.E. (author)Sources of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in atmospheric aerosols (carbonaceous aerosols) were investigated by collection of weekly aerosol filter samples at six background sites in Northern Europe (Birkenes, Norway; Vavihill, Sweden; Risoe, Denmark; Cabauw and Rotterdam in The Netherlands; Melpitz, Germany) during winter 2013....article 2018
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Steinmann, Z.J.N. (author), Schipper, A.M. (author), Hauck, M. (author), Giljum, S. (author), Wernet, G. (author), Huijbregts, M.A.J. (author)Environmental footprints are increasingly used to quantify and compare environmental impacts of for example products, technologies, households, or nations. This has resulted in a multitude of footprint indicators, ranging from relatively simple measures of resource use (water, energy, materials) to integrated measures of eventual damage (for...article 2017
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Gruson, J.F. (author), Serbutoviez, S. (author), Delprat-Jannaud, F. (author), Akhurst, M. (author), Nielsen, C. (author), Dalhoff, F. (author), Bergmo, P. (author), Bos, C. (author), Volpi, V. (author), Iacobellis, S. (author)Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) should be a key technology in order to achieve a decline in the CO2 emissions intensity of the power sector and other intensive industry, but this potential deployment could be restricted by cost issues as the International Energy Agency (IEA) in their last projections (World Energy Outlook 2013) has considered...article 2015
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Sanchez Fernandez, E. (author), Goetheer, E.L.V. (author), Manzolini, G. (author), Macchi, E. (author), Rezvani, S. (author), Vlugt, T.J.H. (author)Post combustion CO2 capture (PCC) with amine solvents is seen as one of the possible technologies which can be implemented in the near term to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants. One of the major concerns for its implementation at large scale in power plants is the high capital and operating costs of the technology....article 2014
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Yavuz, F. (author), van Tilburg, T. (author), David, P. (author), Spruijt, M. (author), Wildenborg, T. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) is a promising contribution to reduce further increase of atmospheric CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. The CCS concept anticipates that large amounts of CO2 are going to be stored in the subsurface for the long term. Since CCS is a rather new technology, uncertainties related with the future evolution of...article 2009
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Leskens, M. (author), de Kruif, B. (author), Belfroid, S.P.C. (author), Smeulers, J.P.M. (author), Gryzlov, A. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Multiphase flow meters are indispensable tools for achieving optimal operation and control of wells as these meters deliver real-time information about their performance. For example, multiphase flow meters located downhole can improve the production of multilateral and multizone wells by timely allocating the zone where a gas or water cone...conference paper 2008
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Leemhuis, A.P. (author), Nennie, E.D. (author), Belfroid, S.P.C. (author), Alberts, G.J.N. (author), Peters, E. (author), Joosten, G.J.P. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)A strong increase in gas inflow due to gas coning and the resulting bean-back because of Gas to Oil Ratio (GOR) constraints can severely limit oil production and reservoir drive energy. In this paper we will use a coupled reservoir-well model to demonstrate that oil production can be increased by using controlled inflow from a gas cone as a...conference paper 2008
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Meyer, R. (author), May, F. (author), Müller, C. (author), Geel, K. (author), Bernstone, C. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)This paper reports on the regional screening, selection and geological characterisation of a potential on-shore CO2 storage site (saline aquifer) in north-eastern Germany. The main objective of this study was to identify and investigate a candidate storage site, capable to accommodate the total amount of approximately 400 million tons of CO2....article 2008
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Kessels, J.T.B.A. (author), Koot, M.W.T. (author), van den Bosch, P.P.J. (author), Kok, D.B. (author)Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are equipped with multiple power sources for improving the efficiency and performance of their power supply system. An energy management (EM) strategy is needed to optimize the internal power flows and satisfy the driver's power demand. To achieve maximum fuel profits from EM, many solution methods have been...article 2008
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Beerkens, R.G.C. (author), van Limpt, J.A.C. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The mechanism of nitrogen oxide (NOx) formation in combustion chambers of glass furnaces is briefly described. The most important parameters governing the NOx emissions of glass furnaces are discussed. Elimination or minimisation of conditions that cause the formation of nitrogen oxides in regenerative furnaces have been tested in industrial...article 2008
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Dijkstra, J.W. (author), Veenkamp, J.M. (author)-report 2001
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Lako, P. (author), d. Vries, H.J.M. (author)-report 1999
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TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author), Duyzer, J. (author), Fowler, D. (author)This review outlines current understanding of the exchange processes and methods used to estimate regional NOy deposition. Several methods have been used to measure dry deposition. Measurement artefacts such as non-stationarity caused by local sources, monitors responding to other gases than NO2 and the influence of photochemical reactions have...article 1994
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Brasser, L.J. (author)Starting in the winter 1964-1965, the TNO Research Institute for Environmental Hygiene has determined the PAH-concentrations of the atmosphere at several locations in The Netherlands. Long series of data are available for several stations. The trend in the concentrations is spectacular: the concentrations have fallen from relatively high values...other 1981