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van der Linde-Sipman, J.S. (author), van den Inch, T.S.G.A.M. (author), van Nes, J.J. (author), Verhagen, H. (author), Kersten, J.G.T.M. (author), Beynen, A.C. (author), Plekkringa, R. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In April 1996, an outbreak of toxic polyneuropathy in cats occurred in the Netherlands. All cats had been fed one of two brands of dry cat food from one manufacturer. Chemical analyses of these foods, stomach contents, and liver and kidney of affected cats revealed contamination with the ionophor salinomycin. Epidemiologic and clinical data were...article 1999
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Jetten, J. (author), de Kruijf, N. (author), Castle, L. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive package of quality assurance criteria for use by industry and regulatory authorities for ensuring the quality and safety-in-use (sensory, microbiological and chemical) of reused plastics for food packaging. The study included thermal degradation effects, flavour carry-over caused by...article 1999
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Sanz-Gallardo, M.I. (author), Guallar, E. (author), van 't Veer, P. (author), Longnecker, M.P. (author), Strain, J.J. (author), Martin, B.C. (author), Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), Fernández-Crehuet, J. (author), Thamm, M. (author), Kohlmeier, L. (author), Kok, F.J. (author), Martín-Moreno, J.M. (author)To identify the determinants of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDE) in adipose tissue in subjects who participated in a cross- sectional study, we analyzed fatty acids, antioxidants, and p,p'-DDE in aspirates of adipose tissue of 328 postmenopausal women from 5 European countries. The overall mean of p,p'-DDE concentration was 1.66 μg...article 1999
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Feron, V.J. (author), Cassee, F.R. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)This paper reviews major activities outside the United States on human health issues related to chemical mixtures. In Europe an international study group on combination effects has been formed and has started by defining synergism and antagonism. Successful research programs in Europe include the development and application of statistically...article 1998
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Huggett, A. (author), Petersen, B.J. (author), Walker, R. (author), Fisher, C.E. (author), Notermans, S.H.W. (author), Rombouts, F.M. (author), Abbott, P. (author), Debackere, M. (author), Hathaway, S.C. (author), Hecker, E.F.F. (author), Knaap, A.G.A. (author), Kuznesof, P.M. (author), Meyland, I. (author), Moy, G. (author), Narbonne, J.-F. (author), Paakkanen, J. (author), Smith, M.R. (author), Tennant, D. (author), Wagstaffe, P. (author), Wargo, J. (author), Würtzen, G. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Internationally acceptable norms need to incorporate sound science and consistent risk management principles in an open and transparent manner, as set out in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement). The process of risk analysis provides a procedure to reach these goals. The interaction between...article 1998
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van de Giessen, A.W. (author), Tilburg, J.J.H.C. (author), Ritmeester, W.S. (author), van der Plas, J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Transmission routes of Campylobacter spp. in broilers and possibilities for prevention of infections were studied on two Dutch broiler farms. The occurrence of Campylobacter spp. was studied in successive broiler flocks, in the environment of the farms and in some of the parent flocks involved. Isolates of Campylobacter spp. were typed by using...article 1998
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- Notermans, S. (author), Batt, C.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author) article 1998
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voedin (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Tajima, O. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Schoen, E.D. (author)For the accurate analysis of possible interactive effects of chemicals in a defined mixture, statistical designs are necessary to develop clear and manageable experiments. For instance, factorial designs have been successfully used to detect two-factor interactions. Particularly useful for this purpose are fractionated factorial designs,...article 1998
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Bovee, E.H.G. (author), de Kruijf, N. (author), Jetten, J. (author), Barendsz, A.W. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)EC Directive 93/43/EEC of 14 June 1993 on the hygiene of food stuffs has been implemented in the Netherlands through the Food and Commodity Act (Warenwet) of 14 December 1995. This Directive requires food companies to identify steps in their activities that are critical to ensuring food safety, and to ensure that adequate safety procedures are...article 1997
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Brussaard, J.H. (author), van Dokkum, W. (author), van der Paauw, C.G. (author), de Vos, R.H. (author), de Kort, W.L.A.M. (author), Löwik, M.R.H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)To assess the level of exposure to food contaminants (cadmium, lead, PCBs, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, nitrate and malathion) a total-diet study was carried out. A total of 226 food products were analysed individually; the concentration of contaminants in products not selected for analysis was estimated with the help of published data. The results...article 1996
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van der Vossen, J.M.B.M. (author), Hofstra, H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The rapid identification of spoilage microorganisms is of eminent importance to the food industry. It provides the food industry with the opportunity to reduce economical losses by designing adequate intervention measures. The use of identification systems based on biochemical and physiological characteristics resulted often in disappointing...article 1996
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Baleiras Couto, M.M. (author), Vogels, J.T.W.E. (author), Hofstra, H. (author), Huis in 'tVeld, J.H.J. (author), van der Vossen, J.M.B.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and the restriction enzyme analysis of PCR amplified rDNA are compared for the identification of the common spoilage yeasts Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Z. rouxii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida valida and C. lipolytica. Both techniques proved to be adequate tools for yeast identification. Since...article 1995
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de Kruijf, N. (author), Rijk, R. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)A study was carried out to compare the actual overall migration from packaging materials into food simulants during heating in a microwave oven, and the overall migration from these materials into food simulants applying time and temperature conditions stipulated in the current EC and Dutch legislation on food packaging. It was demonstrated that...article 1994
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Feron, V.J. (author), Jetten, J. (author), de Kruijf, N. (author), van den Berg, F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)As part of a multi-client project, the potential public health risks of the reuse of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) refillable bottles (PRBs) following possible misuse has been investigated. Participants in the project provided data and information from previous studies conducted independently at contract laboratories. These studies were...article 1994
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Groenen, P.J. (author), Busink, E. (author), van Wandelen, M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Chemicals/CAS: dimethylnitrosamine, 62-75-9; Nitrosaminesarticle 1987
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Mulders, Ed.J. (author), van Impelen-Peek, H.A.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Samples of barley, wheat and maize were analysed for deoxynivalenol (DON). Samples were extracted with aqueous chloroform-ethanol. The extract was purified by column chromatography on silica gel. DON was derivatised with heptafluorobutyric (HFB) acid anhydride. The glassware was silylated to prevent deterioration of the HFB derivative, which...article 1986
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Janssen, P.J.M. (author), Bosland, M.C. (author), van Hees, J.P. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)The effects of feeding inorganic tin on the gastrointestinal tract were examined in rats. Three groups of male weanling Wistar rats were fed a diet to which 0, 250, or 500 ppm Sn2+ had been added as SnCl2. A fourth group was subjected to feed restriction by pair feeding with the 500-ppm group. Comparison of the data from the tin-fed groups with...article 1985
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de Kruijf, N. (author), Rijk, M.A.H. (author), Soetardhi, L.A. (author), Rossi, L. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)A study was carried out to establish whether the draft EEC method for determining overall (global) migration of the constituents of plastics-packaging materials into a fatty-food simulant could be applied to samples of commercially available homogeneous plastics materials and whether it would be possible to use extraction with a volatile solvent...article 1983
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van Battum, D. (author), Rijk, M.A.H. (author), Verspoor, R. (author), Rossi, L. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)An experimental study was carried out to establish whether the draft EEC method for the determination of the global migration of constituents from plastics packaging materials into fatty food stimulants could be applied to all plastics, including lacquers and laminates. Some difficulties were encountered in the use of the EEC method for melamine...article 1982
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Wijsman, J.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The investigation in question deals with the iron contamination in cocoa and chocolate products. Semi finished goods as well as finished products were examined. An average of 29 mg/kg total iron (i.e. ionic + metallic iron) was found in cocoabeans. The iron content of cocoa shells was approximately 10 fold higher. The process of grinding roasted...article 1978