Evaluating biomass ash properties as influenced by feedstock and thermal conversion technology towards cement clinker production with a lower carbon footprint

Purpose: This study evaluates the potential of biomass ash as raw clinker material and the influence of biomass feedstock and thermal conversion technology on biomass ash properties. Methods: A set of criteria for biomass feedstock and ash properties (i.e. CaO/SiO2 ratio and burnability) are established. A large dataset was collected and the...

Life cycle assessment of the reuse of fly ash from biomass combustion as secondary cementitious material in cement products

In this study, we performed a life cycle assessment of the reuse of biomass fly ash as secondary cementitious material in cement mortars as alternative to a reference landfill scenario of the ash. Since biomass ash does contain enhanced levels of elements that are of potential concern for the environment or human exposure, the performed Life...

Leaching of monolithic and granular alkali activated slag-fly ash materials, as a function of the mixture design

This study explores the leaching of oxyanionic metalloid species (As, Mo, Se, V and Cr) from alkali activated slag-fly ash materials (AAM), dependent on various mixture parameters i.e., activator molarity, slag-fly ash precursor/binder compositions, liquid to binder ratio, curing time and strength. The analyses focusses on the leaching of...

FT-IR and 29 Si-NMR for evaluating aluminium silicate precursors for geopolymers

Geopolymers are systems of inorganic binders that can be used for sustainable, cementless concrete and are formed by alkali activation of an aluminium–silicate precursor (often secondary resources like fly ash or slag). The type of aluminium– silicate precursor and its potential variations within one batch may influence geopolymer performance....

Evaluation of the chromium speciation in Israeli coal fly ashes

Upon the request of the Israeli National Coal Board the Cr speciation in Israeli coal fly ashes was evaluted. Six fly ashes - fresh ash, fly ash used in road application and fly ash collected from an embankment were tested. For this purpose, the ash leaching behaviour has been characterized as a function of the pH in a so-called pH dependence...

VerkennEND<br />SETe evaluatie kwaliteitsbeïnvloeding poederkoolvliegas: bijstoken van biomassa in een poederkoolcentrale of bijmenging van biomassa-assen met poederkoolvliegas

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Prevention of spontaneous combustion in coal stockpiles: Experimental results in coal storage yard

The spontaneous ignition of coal stockpiles is a serious economic and safety problem. This paper deals with oxidation and spontaneous combustion of coal piles laid in coal storage yard and the measures to avoid the heat losses produced. Investigations on self heating were carried out with five test piles (2000-3000 tons) built at the ENDESA...

Pathological and immunological effects of respirable coal fly ash in male Wistar rats

In this study the effects of inhalatory exposure to coal fly ash on lung pathology and the immune system in rats were examined. Rats were exposed to 0, 10, 30, or 100 mg/m3 coal fly ash (6 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 4 wk, or to 0 and 100 mg/m3 for 1 wk, and for 1 wk followed by a recovery in clean air of 3 wk. A concentration-related increase in lung...

Preventive measures against concrete damage to ASR in the Netherlands current state-of-affairs

In CUR-Recommendation 38, various vital measures that need to be taken during design of new concrete-mixtures in order to prevent damage due to ASR in the concrete have been outlined. The most important of these measures are: - the use of blast furnace slag cement (with a high slag content: ≥50% by mass of cement as slag); - or the use of...

Microstructure of the interfacial zone around aggregate particles in concrete

Concrete may be modeled to consist of cement paste,pore water and inserts. Inserts could be aggregate particles or fillers, fly ash or other pozzolanic materials,reinforcements, and fibers of steel, glass, or natural and synthetic organic materials. Therefore different types of interfaces between the inserts and the cement paste exist. This...

Coal research TNO; summary of reports, publications and patents on coal technology

Samenvattingen van alle TNOrapporten en publicaties op dit gebied tussen ca 1981 en 1985

The leachability of carbon-14-labelled 3,4-benzopyrene from coal ash into aqueous systems

The leachability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal ash into aqueous systems was studied. Carbon-14-labeled 3,4-Benzopyrene (BaP) was deposited on coal fly ash by adsorption from the liquid phase in quantities of about 10 ??g/g ash. After a thermal treatment in air at 120??C for 2 hours the desorption of BaP was measured using aqueous...

Studies of carbonaceous cenospheres from fluidised-bed combustors

FIy ash from fluidised bed combustion of bituminous coals contains carbonaceous cenospheres of several forms including thick-walled opaque, transparent with a skeletal structure and 'balloons' without skeletons. The influence on cenosphere formation of particle size, temperature, heating rate, petrographic composition, etc. is reviewed. The...