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van Dokkum, W. (author), Wezendonk, B. (author), Srikumar, T.S. (author), van den Heuvel, E.G.H.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Objective: To study the effect of the intake of 15 g nondigestible oligosaccharides per day on various parameters of large-bowel function, as well as on blood lipid concentrations and glucose absorption in man. Design: Latin square, randomized, double-blind, diet-controlled. Setting: Metabolic research unit. Subjects: Twelve apparently healthy...article 1999
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Weijtens, M.J.B.M. (author), Reinders, R.D. (author), Urlings, H.A.P. (author), van der Plas, J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The excretion of campylobacter by eight individually housed fattening pigs was monitored during 15 weeks. Rectal faeces samples were collected six times from these pigs and twice from their mothers (seven sows). Campylobacter was cultured from these samples on Preston medium. In some pigs, samples positive for campylobacter alternated with...article 1999
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Minekus, M. (author), Smeets-Peeters, M. (author), Havenaar, R. (author), Bernalier, A. (author), Fonty, G. (author), Marol-Bonnin, S. (author), Alric, M. (author), Marteau, P. (author), in 't Huis Veld, J.H.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)This paper introduces a new type of system to simulate conditions in the large intestine. This system combines removal of metabolites and water with peristaltic mixing to obtain and handle physiological concentrations of microorganisms, dry matter and microbial metabolites. The system has been designed to be complementary to the dynamic multi...article 1999
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van Puymbroeck, M. (author), Kuilman, M.E.M. (author), Maas, R.F.M. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author), Leyssens, L. (author), van Miert, A.S.J.P.A.M. (author), Hendriks, L. (author), van der Zande, D.J.M. (author), Adriaensens, P. (author), Jacobs, M.-P. (author), Raus, J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The metabolism of the illegal growth promoter ethylestrenol (EES) was evaluated in bovine liver cells and subcellular fractions of bovine liver preparations. Incubations with bovine microsomal preparations revealed that EES is extensively biotransformed into norethandrolone (NE), another illegal growth promoter. Furthermore, incubations of...article 1999
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), van Loo, J. (author), Cummings, J. (author), Delzenne, N. (author), Englyst, H. (author), Franck, A. (author), Hopkins, M. (author), Kok, N. (author), Macfarlane, G. (author), Newton, D. (author), Quigley, M. (author), Roberfroid, M. (author), van Vliet, T. (author), van den Heuvel, E. (author)This paper results from the final phase of the ENDO project (DGXII AIRII-CT94-1095), a European Commission-funded project on non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO). All participants in the programme met to perform a consensus exercise on the possible functional food properties of NDO. Topics studied during the project (including a workshop on...article 1999
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de Bie, A.T.H.J. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Bär, A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The absorption, disposition, metabolism, and excretion of 14C-labeled γ-cyclodextrin ([14C]γ-CD) was examined in four separate experiments with Wistar rats. In experiment 1, [14C]γ-CD (25 μCi, 600 mg/kg body wt) was administered intravenously to four male and four female conventional rats. In experiment 2, [14C]γ- CD (25 μCi, 1000 mg/kg body wt)...article 1998
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Grala, W. (author), Verstegen, M.W.A. (author), Jansman, A.J.M. (author), Huisman, J. (author), Wasilewko, J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Nitrogen (N) balance was determined in 36 pigs (BW 24 to 30 kg) fed diets inducing different ileal endogenous N losses (ENL). We tested the hypothesis that enhanced ENL may be indicative of a higher recycling of endogenous proteins that will induce a greater urinary N loss and a lower efficiency of the dietary N utilization for retention. The...article 1998
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Srikumar, T.S. (author), Wezendonk, B. (author), van Dokkum, W. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In the present pilot study, for investigating the physiological effects of different types of nondigestible oligosaccharides, we have validated the application of methodologies for the analysis of bile acids and neutral steroids in feces of human subjects. The accuracy of the extraction and chromatographic procedures for the analyses of bile...article 1998
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Spanhaak, S. (author), Havenaar, R. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Objective: To determine the effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (L. casei Shirota) on the composition and metabolic activities of the intestinal microflora, and immune parameters in humans. Subjects: Twenty healthy male subjects aged 40-65 years were selected. Design: A placebo-controlled trial was...article 1998
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bär, A. (author)The toxicity of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), a cyclic polymer of eight α-1,4-linked glucopyranosyl units with potential applications as a food ingredient, was examined in a 2-week pilot study followed by a 13-week oral toxicity study in Wistar rats. In the 2-week study, the test substance was administered to groups of 5 male rats at dietary levels of...article 1998
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Oostvogel, P.M. (author), van Conyn-Spaendonck, M.A.E. (author), Hirasing, R.A. (author), van Loon, A.M. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Detection and investigation of call cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children below 15 years of age are among the criteria for poliomyelitis-free certification. In the absence of poliomyelitis the incidence of AFP is around 1 per 100 000 children aged < 15 years. In the Netherlands, surveillance of AFP began in October 1992 under the...article 1998
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van Ruseler- Embden, J.G.H. (author), van Lieshout, L.M.C. (author), Binnema, D.J. (author), Hazenberg, M.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)1. An earlier study by our group revealed that the viscosity of faeces from patients with Crohn's disease is significantly lower than that of healthy subjects. This is due to low concentrations of a high-molecular-mass carbohydrate, probably of bacterial origin. The cause of this phenomenon might be the impaired barrier function of the gut...article 1998
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Schutte, J.B. (author), Smink, W. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)A study was conducted to determine the requirement for lysine of a White Leghorn strain of hens with a body weight of approximately 1,600 g. Before starting the experiment, apparent fecal digestibility of amino acids of the basal diet was determined in an in vivo digestibility trial with six individually housed hens. The basal diet used was...article 1998
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), van Puymbroeck, M. (author), Kuilman, M.E.M. (author), Maas, R.F.M. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author), Leyssens, L. (author), van der Zande, D.J.M. (author), Gelan, J. (author), Raus, J. (author)17alpha-Boldenone (17alpha-BOL) and/or 17beta-boldenone (17beta-BOL) appear occasionally in fecal matter of cattle. In addition to 17alpha-BOL, a whole array of boldenone related substances can be found in the same samples. In vitro experiments with microsomal liver preparations and isolated hepatocytes combined with the excretion profiles found...article 1998
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), de Brabander, H.F. (author), de Wasch, K. (author), van Ginkel, L.A. (author), Sterk, S.S. (author), Blokland, M.H. (author), Delahaut, Ph. (author), Taillieu, X. (author), Dubois, M. (author), Arts, C.J.M. (author), van Baak, M.J. (author), Gramberg, L.G. (author), Schilt, R. (author), van Bennekom, E.O. (author), Courtheyn, D. (author), Vercammen, J. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author)The European Union banned the use of anabolic steroids for cattle fattening in 1988. Analytical techniques able to detect trace amounts of the parent drugs and their metabolites are mandatory for the control of abuse. Stanozolol (Stan) is an anabolic steroid that is often found in injection sites and cocktails. However, it has never been...article 1998
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Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author), Pannemans, D.L.E. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), Westerterp, K.R. (author)The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein on urinary Ca excretion, apparent Ca absorption and Ca balance in young and elderly subjects. Young adults (n 29) and elderly persons (n 26) consumed diets containing 12% (diet A) and 21% (diet B) of total energy as protein for 3 weeks according to a randomized...article 1997
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- Oostvogel, P.M. (author), van Conyn-Spaendonck, M.A.E. (author), Hirasing, R.A. (author), van Loon, A.M. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author) report 1996
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Hissink, A.M. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)Toxicity of halobenzenes has been ascribed mainly to their epoxides, but recent studies with bromobenzene have shown that secondary quinone metabolites are also involved in the alkylation of hepatic proteins. However, the relative contribution of the quinones and the epoxides to the toxicity of halobenzenes is still unclear. In order to...article 1996
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van Weerden, E.J. (author), Huisman, J. (author)In a study with twelve pigs of 60-70 kg live weight provided with a re-entrant cannula at the end of the ileum, and twelve intact, non-cannulated pigs, the fate of dietary doses of 100 and 200 g isomalt/kg during gastrointestinal passage was examined. From sugar analyses in ileal chyme it was calculated that 0.43 and 0.30 of the isomalt consumed...article 1993
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author), van Weerden, E.J. (author), Huisman, J. (author)In a study with ten pigs of 60-70 kg live weight, provided with a re-entrant cannula at the end of the ileum, and sixteen intact, non-cannulated pigs, the digestion and absorption of a dietary dose of 100 g isomalt/kg, and isomalt given between the meals as a 'sweet' on the basis of 50 and 100 g/kg feed consumption, were examined. In all three...article 1993