Assessment of existing structures in fib modelcode 2020: Solutions and examples

For the assessment of concrete structures in the new fib Model Code 2020 (fib MC 2020), three categories are distinguished: (1) the residual capacity of existing structures without damage, (2) the residual capacity of structures suffering deterioration, and (3) the residual capacity of structures with noncompliant details. In the accompanying...

Tactical Router Interoperability: Concepts and Experiments

Interoperability on the lower tactical levels, e.g. in a multinational battalion or team, poses challenges because of the high degree of mobility and limited data capacity at the tactical edge. Enabling such multi-national teams with direct connectivity can be beneficial since it allows the combination of capabilities from multiple nations and...

High-resolution direct-write patterning using focused ion beams

Over the last few years, significant improvements in sources, columns, detectors, control software, and accessories have enabled a wealth of new focused ion beam applications. In addition, modeling has provided many insights into ion-sample interactions and the resultant effects on the sample. With the knowledge gained, the community has found...

Conservation of concrete structures according to fib Model Code 2010

Conservation of concrete structures forms an essential part of the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 (fib Model Code 2010). In particular, Chapter 9 of fib Model Code 2010 addresses issues concerning conservation strategies and tactics, conservation management, condition surveys, condition assessment, condition evaluation and decision...

Reliability in the performance-based concept of fib Model Code 2010

The design philosophy of the new fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 represents the state of the art with regard to performance-based approach to the design and assessment of concrete structures. Given the random nature of quantities determining structural behaviour, the assessment of structural performance cannot be well established by...

Cryo-FIB-SEM and MIP study of porosity and pore size distribution of bentonite and kaolin at different moisture contents

Clays often constitute the main component of poultices used for salt extraction from porous materials in conservation intervention. Knowledge of the evolution in porosity and pore size of clay based poultices, due to shrinkage during drying, is of crucial importance for the selection of the most suitable poultice.We have studied the porosity and...

The 2010 fib Model Code for Structural Concrete: a new approach to structural engineering

The fib Model Code is a recommendation for the design of reinforced and prestressed concrete which is intended to be a guiding document for future codes. Model Codes have been published before, in 1978 and 1990. The draft for fib Model Code 2010 was published in May 2010. The most important new element in this Model Code is "Time" in the sense...

Adhesion experiments using an AFM-Parameters of influence

Adhesion measurements were performed by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). It was shown that many parameters need to be controlled in order to provide reproducible and quantitative results. Adhesion forces were shown to depend on combination of materials characteristics and testing geometry as well as experimental protocol (contact time, contact...

Local stress analysis in devices by FIB

Intrinsic stresses in bondpads may lead to early failure of IC's. In order to determine the intrinsic stresses in semiconductor structures, a new procedure is set up. This procedure is a combined experimental/numerical approach which consists of the following steps: First, a conductive gold layer (20 nm thickness) is deposited on the power line...

Conservation of concrete structures in fib Model Code 2010

Chapter 9: Conservation of Concrete Structures forms part of the forthcoming fib new Model Code. As it is expected that the fib new Model Code will be largely completed in 2010, it is being referred to as fib Model Code 2010 (fib MC2010) and it will soon become available for wider review by the profession. This paper is part of this activity....