Classification of flight phases based on pilots' visual scanning strategies

Eye movements analysis has great potential for understanding operator behaviour in many safety-critical domains, including aviation. In addition to traditional eye-tracking measures on pilots’ visual behavior, it seems promising to incorporate machine learning approaches to classify pilots’ visual scanning patterns. However, given the multitude...

Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline

In this paper, we present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures. We take this review to represent the empirical foundation for reporting...

Exploring the usage of supervised driving automation in naturalistic conditions

This study reports usage of supervised automation and driver attention from longitudinal naturalistic driving observations. Automation inexperienced drivers were provided with instrumented vehicles with adaptive cruise control (ACC) and lane keeping (LK) features (SAE level 2). Data was collected comparing one month of driving without support to...

Towards the next generation of LMRA instruments: the influence of generic and specific questions during risk assessment

Last minute risk assessment (LMRA) is a well-known work method to support employees’ risk perception. However, little is known about the effectiveness of LMRA in providing this support. Here, we describe an eye-tracking experiment with which we attempted to gain more insight into the relationship between LMRA and risk perception and to assess...

Specifieke risico-informatie ter ondersteuning van gevaarherkenning: een Eye-Tracking experiment: praktijkverhaal

Beyond mere take-over requests: The effects of monitoring requests on driver attention, take-over performance, and acceptance

In conditionally automated driving, drivers do not have to monitor the road, whereas in partially automated driving, drivers have to monitor the road permanently. We evaluated a dynamic allocation of monitoring tasks to human and automation by providing a monitoring request (MR) before a possible take-over request (TOR), with the aim to better...

The effect of see-through truck on driver monitoring patterns and responses to critical events in truck platooning

Automated platooning of trucks has its beneficial effects on energy saving and traffic flow efficiency. The vehicles in a platoon, however, need to maintain an extremely short headway to achieve these goals, which will result in a heavily blocked front view for the driver in a following truck. Monitoring surrounding traffic environment and...

Eye metrics for task-dependent automation

Future air traffic is expected to grow increasingly, opening up a gap for task dependent automation and adaptive interfaces, helping the Air Traffic Controller to cope with fluctuating workloads. One of the challenging factors in the application of such intelligent systems concerns the question what the operator is doing in order to optimize...

Using eye tracker data in air traffic control

Motivation/Research approach - An exploratory study was conducted to investigate whether eye movement metrics discriminate between different air traffic control tasks. Findings/Design - The results show the three tasks elicit different eye movement, as Yarbus (1967) also showed in static pictures, and that a number of eye tracking metrics...

Are you really looking? Finding the answer through fixation patterns and EEG

Eye movement recordings do not tell us whether observers are 'really looking' or whether they are paying attention to something else than the visual environment. We want to determine whether an observer's main current occupation is visual or not by investigating fixation patterns and EEG. Subjects were presented with auditory and visual stimuli....

Utilizing an eye tracker device for operator support

At present a number of studies have attempted to embed eye-tracking devices into closed-loop systems to augment the cognitive state of the human operator. It has been demonstrated that the pupil diameter and blinking frequency serve as such indicators. Although these two factors serve cognitive state analysis , other measures are required that...

Cross-modal visual and vibrotactile tracking

The present study investigates tracking performance with tactile and/or visual presentation of target and cursor. The tactile display consisted of vibrators in a horizontal linear array on the torso, the visual display consisted of dots projected on a horizontal plane surrounding the observer. Both displays presented qualitatively identical...

Desloratadine shows no effect on performance during 6 h at 8,000 ft simulated cabin altitude

Sustained vigilance is required by pilots and crew during flight; therefore, the use of antihistamines with sedating properties is widely prohibited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of desloratadine, a long-acting, nonsedating antihistamine, on healthy volunteers placed under conditions of simulated cabin pressure. Methods...

Motor function under lower and higher controlled processing demands in early and continuously treated phenylketonuria

This study examined motor control in 61 early and continuously treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and 69 control participants, aged 7 to 14 years. The pursuit task demanded concurrent planning and execution of unpredictable movements, whereas the tracking task required a highly automated circular movement that could be planned in...

Control performance with three translational degrees of freedom

For multiple DOF systems, it is important to detemine how accurately operators can control each DOF, and what the influence of the perceptual, information processing and psychomotor components on performance is. Sixteen right-handed male students participated in 2 experiments: one involving positioning and one involving tracking with 3...

Rear light arrangements for cars equipped with a center high-mounted stop lamp

The present study investigated the influence of layout factors on the effectiveness of the center high-mounted stop lamp (CHMSL) during day and night conditions. In particular, the study evaluated the effect of a vertical separation between the CHMSL and the horizontal plane of conventional stop lamps and the effect of a single strip of lamps...

Effects of age and task simularity on dual-task performance

When a dual-tracking task, consisting of two incoherent (uncorrelated) subtasks is partly integrated, such that it is characterized by incompatibility of similarity, or when axis similarity of subtasks is high, it may be difficult to map subtask stimuli to the proper responses. Especially for older adults, an increase in mapping demands may be a...

Searching for traffic signals while engaged in compensatory tracking

An experiment is described in which subjects were required to search for familiar traffic signals. Half the time this was done while also engaged in a manual compensatory tracking task. The experimental variables of the visual search task were color, total number of signals exposed, the number of relevant signals, and the density of the signals....