Searched for: subject%3A%22Extinction%22
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Moreira, H. (author), Kuipers, K.J.J. (author), Posthuma, L. (author), Zijp, M.C. (author), Hauck, M. (author), Huijbregts, M.A.J. (author), Schipper, A.M. (author)
Aim: Land use is a main driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. However, quantifying its effects on global plant diversity remains a challenge due to the limited availability of data on the distributions of vascular plant species and their responses to land use. Here, we estimated the global extinction threat of land use to vascular plant species...
article 2023
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Tirpitz, J.L. (author), Frieß, U. (author), Hendrick, F. (author), Alberti, C. (author), Allaart, M. (author), Apituley, A. (author), Bais, A. (author), Beirle, S. (author), Berkhout, S. (author), Bognar, K. (author), Bösch, T. (author), Bruchkouski, I. (author), Cede, A. (author), Chan, K.L. (author), den Hoed, M. (author), Donner, S. (author), Drosoglou, T. (author), Fayt, C. (author), Friedrich, M.M. (author), Frumau, A. (author), Gast, L. (author), Gielen, C. (author), Gomez-Martín, L. (author), Hao, N. (author), Hensen, A. (author), Henzing, B. (author), Hermans, C. (author), Jin, J. (author), Kreher, K. (author), Kuhn, J. (author), Lampel, J. (author), Li, A. (author), Liu, C. (author), Liu, H. (author), Ma, J. (author), Merlaud, A. (author), Peters, E. (author), Pinardi, G. (author), Piters, A. (author), Platt, U. (author), Puentedura, O. (author), Richter, A. (author), Schmitt, S. (author), Spinei, E. (author), stein Zweers, D. (author), Strong, K. (author), Swart, D. (author), Tack, F. (author), Tiefengraber, M. (author), van der Hoff, R. (author), van Roozendael, M. (author), Vlemmix, T. (author), Vonk, J. (author), Wagner, T. (author), Wang, Y. (author), Wang, Z. (author), Wenig, M. (author), Wiegner, M. (author), Wittrock, F. (author), Xie, P. (author), Xing, C. (author), Xu, J. (author), Yela, M. (author), Zhang, C. (author), Zhao, X. (author)
The second Cabauw Intercomparison of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) took place in Cabauw (the Netherlands) in September 2016 with the aim of assessing the consistency of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of tropospheric species (NO2, HCHO, O3, HONO, CHOCHO and O4). This was achieved...
article 2021
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van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Piazzola, J. (author), Van Zuijlen, S. (author), Cohen, L. (author), Moerman, M. (author), Missamou, T. (author), Tedeschi, G. (author), Stein, K. (author)
A comparison of aerosol data acquired at five different sites around the globe is presented. All data has been acquired with the same instrumentation and representative size distributions for marine air masses at 10 m/s wind speed have been selected for comparison. Differences in the concentrations of larger and smaller aerosols at the various...
conference paper 2016
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de Jong, A.N. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author), Benoist, K.W. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)
The FATMOSE trial (FAlse-bay ATMOSpheric Experiment) running over a period from November 2009 to July 2010,was a continuation of the cooperation between TNO and IMT on atmospheric propagation and point target detection and identification in a maritime environment. Instruments were installed for measuring scintillation, blurring- and refraction...
conference paper 2010
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Rijsdijk, K.F. (author), Hume, J.P. (author), Bunnik, F. (author), Florens, F.B.V. (author), Baider, C. (author), Shapiro, B. (author), van der Plicht, J. (author), Janoo, A. (author), Griffiths, O. (author), van den Hoek Ostende, L.W. (author), Cremer, H. (author), Vernimmen, T. (author), de Louw, P.G.B. (author), Bholah, A. (author), Saumtally, S. (author), Porch, N. (author), Haile, J. (author), Buckley, M. (author), Collins, M. (author), Gittenberger, E. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)
Although the recent history of human colonisation and impact on Mauritius is well documented, virtually no records of the pre-human native ecosystem exist, making it difficult to assess the magnitude of the changes brought about by human settlement. Here, we describe a 4000-year-old fossil bed at Mare aux Songes (MAS) in south-eastern Mauritius...
article 2009
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Kusmierczyk-Michulec, J.T. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author)
The Advanced Navy Aerosol model (ANAM), being a modified version of the Navy Aerosol Model (NAM), is a wellknown engineering tool providing a quick and reasonable estimate of the aerosol extinction in the marine near-surface environment on the basis of simple meteorological input data. The original NAM consists of 3 lognormal distributions,...
conference paper 2009
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Kusmierczyk-Michulec, J. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Moerman, M.M. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Fritz, P. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)
Atmospheric aerosol particles affect the Earth's radiative balance both in the cloud-free and the cloudy atmosphere. The direct effect of aerosols is related with scattering and absorption of solar radiation, and as a consequence, reduction of the amount of radiation reaching the surface. The best parameter that quantifies this effect is the...
conference paper 2008
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), Leighton, T.G. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)
When a gas bubble in water undergoes forced pulsations, sound is radiated at the forcing frequency, and the scattering cross-section exhibits a resonance peak when the forcing frequency passes through the bubble’s natural frequency. At resonance, the amplitude of the scattered spherical wave is determined by the amount of damping associated with...
conference paper 2007
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), Piazzola, J. (author), Kaloshin, G. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author)
The performance of electro-optical systems can be substantially affected by aerosol particles that scatter and absorb electromagnetic radiation. A few years ago, an empirical model was developed describing the aerosol size distributions in the Mediterranean coastal atmosphere near Toulon (France). This model has been coupled with Mie theory to...
conference paper 2004
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Kosters, H.A. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
A number of relevant properties of Woodward's reagent K have been determined, such as the stability of the reactant and the optimal reaction conditions of the reactant with protein carboxylates. A Woodward's reagent K stock solution was stable at 4°C for prolonged time, whereas upon storage at 22°C, almost 20% of the reactive compound was lost...
article 2003
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Kunz, G.J. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)
Potter [Appl. Opt. 26, 1250 (1987)] has presented a method to determine profiles of the atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficients by use of a two-wavelength lidar with the assumptions of a constant value for the extinction-to-backscatter ratio for each wavelength and a constant value for the ratio between the two extinction coefficients at the...
article 1999
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), Neele, F.P. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Vignati, E. (author), Hill, M.K. (author), Smith, M.H. (author)
The aerosol production in the surfzone, as determined from measurements, at two sites along the Califomia coast is presented. The data used were collected during three EOPACE (Electro-Optical Propagation Assessment in Coastal Environments) measurement campaigns in 1996 and 7997. Particle counters were deployed at both the end and the base of two...
conference paper 1998
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author), Moerman, M.M. (author)
Results are presented from infrared transmission measurements over long ranges at low elevation in coastal waters. This work was part of the EOPACE programme, conducted at two locations along the US West Coast. In this programme data were collected for validation of atmospheric models, used to predict IR sensor performances Details are given on...
conference paper 1998
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), Forand, J.L. (author), Duffy, M. (author), Zeisse, C. (author), Gathman, S.G. (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Dion, D. (author)
An analysis is presented showing the effects of refraction, aerosol extinction, and molecular extinction on transmission measurements obtained during the EO Propagation Assessment in Coastal Environments (EOPACE) campaign carried out in San Diego during March and April 1996. Infrared transmission measurements were made over both a 7 km path (mid...
conference paper 1997
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), Zeisse, C. (author), Gathman, S.G. (author), Jensen, D.R. (author), Littfin, K. (author), Moision, B. (author), Davidson, K.L. (author), Frederickson, P.A. (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), Luc Forand, J. (author), Dion, D. (author)
An analysis is presented showing the effects of molecules and aerosols on atmospheric transmission data obtained during the Electro-Optical Propagation Assessment in Coastal Environments (EOPACE) campaign carried out in San Diego during March and April, 1996. Mid wave infrared transmission was measured over San Diego Bay along a 14.9 km path and...
conference paper 1997
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Kunz, G.J. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)
Single-scatter lidar signals carry information on the spatial atmospheric backscatter coefficient, attenuated by the path-integrated extinction. Assuming that the relationship between the backscatter and the extinction is known, the inverted extinction profile and the path-integrated extinction are uniquely related to the input boundary value....
article 1996
document
TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Jensen, D.R. (author)
The MAPTIP (marine aerosol properties and thermal imager performance) experiment was organized as part of a project to assess atmospheric effects on the detection and identification of targets using thermal imagers in coastal areas. The experiment took place at the North Sea from 11 October - 5 November 1993 and was centered around Meetpost...
conference paper 1996
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SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), Moerman, M.M. (author)
Aerosol particle size distributions and meteorological parameters were measured during the MAPTIP experiment in the fall of 1993 in the vicinity of MeetPost Noordwijk (MPN), a platform at 9 km from the Dutch coast. One data set was collected at MPN, the other on board of a ship that sailed down and cross wind trajectories. from MPN to a distance...
conference paper 1996
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SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering (author), Kunz, G.J. (author), Trickle, T. (author)
During the MAPTIP experiment, that was organized by NATO AC/243 (Panel 4)/RSG.8, the marine atmosphere was characterized, among others, with lidar (optical radar). The investigations were carried out both in horizontal planes (PPI scans), in vertical planes (RHI scans) and combinations of those two. In addition, the temporal variability of the...
conference paper 1996
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SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author)
During the MAPTIP experiments in the Dutch coastal waters, 11 October - 5 November 1993, transmission curves were determined from the intensities of the image of a point source suspended from a helicopter at ranges between 0.5 and 6 NMi. The images were recorded with a 10 micrometer USFA 9092 camera from the MeetPost Noordwijk, a research tower...
conference paper 1996
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