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Franken, R. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Spaan, S. (author)Objectives. The Asbestos Removal Exposure Assessment Tool (AREAT) was previously developed to estimate exposure to respirable asbestos fibres during abatement processes. The current study describes the validation and recalibration of the AREAT model with external data. During model validation, the AREAT model was expanded to be able to estimate...article 2023
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Fransman, W. (author), Arnone, M. (author), Borghi, F. (author), Cattaneo, A. (author), Cavallo, D.M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Franken, R. (author), Galea, K.S. (author), van der Haar, R. (author), Heussen, G.A.H. (author), Jensen, K.A. (author), Koponen, M. (author), Koppisch, D. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Luo, KY.S. (author), McNally, K. (author), Säämänen, A. (author), Spinazzè, A. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Jeroen, (author), Vanoirbeek, J. (author), Verpaele, S. (author), Vetter, D. (author), Viegas, S. (author), Warren, N. (author)In this article, we have responded to the key statements in the article by Koivisto et al. (2022) that were incorrect and considered to be a biased critique on a subset of the exposure models used in Europe (i.e. ART and Stoffenmanager®) used for regulatory exposure assessment. We welcome scientific discussions on exposure modelling (as was done...article 2022
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McNally, K. (author), Goede, H.A. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Gorce, J.P. (author), Warren, N. (author)The dermal Advanced REACH Tool (dART) is a tier 2 exposure model for estimating dermal exposure to the hands (mg min-1) for non-volatile liquid and solid-in-liquid products. The dART builds upon the existing ART framework and describes three mass transport processes (deposition (Dhands), direct emission and direct contact (Ehands), and contact...article 2022
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Schlüter, U. (author), Arnold, S. (author), Borghi, F. (author), Cherrie, J. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Heussen, H. (author), Jayjock, M. (author), Jensen, K.A. (author), Koivisto, J. (author), Koppisch, D. (author), Meyer, J. (author), Spinazzè, A. (author), Tanarro, C. (author), Verpaele, S. (author), von Goetz, N. (author)On 20 October 2020, the Working Group “Exposure Models” of the Europe Regional Chapter of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES Europe) organised an online workshop to discuss the theoretical background of models for the assessment of occupational exposure to chemicals. In this report, participants of the workshop with an active...article 2022
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Schlüter, U. (author), Meyer, J. (author), Ahrens, A. (author), Borghi, F. (author), Clerc, F. (author), Delmaar, C. (author), Di Guardo, A. (author), Dudzina, T. (author), Fantke, P. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Hahn, S. (author), Heussen, H. (author), Jung, C. (author), Koivisto, J. (author), Koppisch, D. (author), Paini, A. (author), Savic, N. (author), Spinazzè, A. (author), Jeddi, M.Z. (author), von Goetz, N. (author)Exposure models are essential in almost all relevant contexts for exposure science. To address the numerous challenges and gaps that exist, exposure modelling is one of the priority areas of the European Exposure Science Strategy developed by the European Chapter of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES Europe). A strategy was...article 2022
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Franken, R. (author), Tromp, P. (author), van de Hoef, W. (author), Jadoenathmisier, T. (author)Exposure to asbestos fibres is linked to numerous adverse health effects and the use of asbestos is currently banned in many countries. Still, asbestos applications are present in numerous residential and professional/industrial buildings or installations which need to be removed. Exposure measurements give good insight in exposure levels on the...article 2021
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Kuijpers, E. (author), van Wel, L. (author), Loh, M. (author), Galea, K.S. (author), Makris, K.C. (author), Stierum, R. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Pronk, A. (author)Introduction: Oil and gas workers have been shown to be at increased risk of chronic diseases including cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hearing loss, among others. Technological advances may be used to assess the external (e.g. personal sensors, smartphone apps and online platforms, exposure models) and internal...article 2021
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Franken, R.A. (author), Kasiotis, K.M. (author), Tsakirakis, A.N. (author), Chartzela, I. (author), Anastasiadou, P. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Gerritsen-Ebben, R.M. (author), Spaan, S. (author), Goede, H. (author), Machera, K. (author), Gerritsen-Ebben, R. (author)For many work situations only insufficient exposure data are available to perform proper risk assessment. Because measuring worker exposure can be time consuming and resource intense, the availability of reliable exposure models is important when performing risk assessments. However, the development and improvement of exposure models are...article 2020
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McNally, K. (author), Gorce, J.P. (author), Goede, H.A. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Warren, N. (author)The dermal Advanced REACH Tool (dART) is a Tier 2 exposure modelling tool currently in development for estimating dermal exposure to the hands (mg min-1) for non-volatile liquid and solids-in-liquid products. The dART builds upon the existing ART framework and describes three mass transport processes [deposition (Dhands), direct emission and...article 2019
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Savic, N. (author), Gasic, B. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Vernez, D. (author)The Advanced REACH Tool (ART) is the most sophisticated tool used for evaluating exposure levels under the European Union's Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of CHemicals (REACH) regulations. ART provides estimates at different percentiles of exposure and within different confidence intervals (CIs). However, its performance...article 2018
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Marquart, H. (author), Franken, R. (author), Goede, H. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Schinkel, J. (author)The ECETOC TRA model (presently version 3.1) is often used to estimate worker inhalation and dermal exposure in regulatory risk assessment. The dermal model in ECETOC TRA has not yet been validated by comparison with independent measured exposure levels. This was the goal of the present study. Measured exposure levels and relevant contextual...article 2017
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Bekker, C. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Boessen, R. (author), Oerlemans, A. (author), Ottenbros, I.B. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author)Background: Nano-specific inhalation exposure models could potentially be effective tools to assess and control worker exposure to nano-objects, and their aggregates and agglomerates (NOAA). However, due to the lack of reliable and consistent collected NOAA exposure data, the scientific basis for validation of the existing NOAA exposure models...article 2017
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Wensveen, P.J. (author), Kvadsheim, P.H. (author), Lam, F.P.A. (author), Miller, P.J.O. (author), Tyack, P.L. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)Ramp-up procedures are used to mitigate the impact of sound on marine mammals. Sound exposure models combined with observations of marine mammals responding to sound can be used to assess the effectiveness of ramp-up procedures. We found that ramp-up procedures before full-level sonar operations can reduce the risk of hearing threshold shifts...bookPart 2016
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Clausen, P.A. (author), Spaan, S. (author), Brouwer, D.H. (author), Marquart, H. (author), le Feber, M. (author), Engel, R. (author), Geerts, L. (author), Jensen, K.A. (author), Kofoed-Sørensen, V. (author), Hansen, B. (author), de Brouwere, K. (author)The aim of this work was to identify the key mechanisms governing transport of organic chemical substances from consumer articles to cotton wipes. The results were used to establish a mechanistic model to improve assessment of dermal contact exposure. Four types of PVC flooring, 10 types of textiles and one type of inkjet printed paper were used...article 2016
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Bekker, C. (author), Voogd, E. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author)Background: Control banding can be used as a first-tier assessment to control worker exposure to nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates (NOAA). In a second tier, more advanced modelling approaches are needed to produce quantitative exposure estimates. As currently no general quantitative nano-specific exposure models are available,...article 2016
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Bekker, C. (author), Brouwer, D.H. (author), van Duuren-Stuurman, B. (author), Tuinman, I.L. (author), Tromp, P.C. (author), Fransman, W. (author)This paper reports a study of the dispersion of manufactured nano-objects (MNOs) through the air, both in time and space, during the use of two commercially available nano-spray products and comparable products without MNOs. The main objective was to identify whether personal exposure can occur at a greater distance than the immediate proximity...article 2014
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Wensveen, P.J. (author), Kvadsheim, P.H. (author), Lam, F.P.A. (author), Miller, P.J.O. (author), Tyack, P.L. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)Ramp-up (or soft-start) procedures are commonly used to mitigate the impact of sound on marine mammals. Although this procedure is often adopted as a common-sense approach, studies that quantify the effectiveness of ramp-up are currently lacking. The effectiveness of ramp-up is investigated by modelling the sound exposure of animals caused by a...conference paper 2013
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Gorman Ng, M. (author), Semple, S. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Christopher, Y. (author), Northage, C. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Veroughstraete, V. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author)Occupational inadvertent ingestion exposure is ingestion exposure due to contact between the mouth and contaminated hands or objects. Although individuals are typically oblivious to their exposure by this route, it is a potentially significant source of occupational exposure for some substances. Due to the continual flux of saliva through the...article 2012
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Schneider, T. (author), Brouwer, D.H. (author), Koponen, I.K. (author), Jensen, K.A. (author), Fransman, W. (author), van Duuren-Stuurman, B. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)As workplace air measurements of manufactured nanoparticles are relatively expensive to conduct, models can be helpful for a first tier assessment of exposure. A conceptual model was developed to give a framework for such models. The basis for the model is an analysis of the fate and underlying mechanisms of nanoparticles emitted by a source...article 2011
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Marquart, H. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Spaan, S. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)There is a large variety of activities in workplaces that can lead to emission of substances. Coding systems based on determinants of emission have so far not been developed. In this paper, a system of Activity Classes and Activity Subclasses is proposed for categorizing activities involving chemical use. Activity Classes share their so-called ...article 2011
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