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Ooi, S.K. (author), Krutzen, M.P.M. (author), Weyer, E. (author)In this paper we test the St. Venant equations against real data in order to examine their accuracy and capability to describe the relevant dynamics of an irrigation channel. The St. Venant equations are simulated using the Preissmann scheme, and the simulated and real measured water levels are compared. Some of the parameters in the St. Venant...article 2005
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Jansen, S.T.H. (author), Verhoeff, L. (author), Cremers, R. (author), Schmeitz, A.J.C. (author), Besselink, I.J.M. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The accuracy of tyre models depends to a large extent on the measurement data used to assess model parameters. The MF-Swift tyre model parameters can be identified or estimated from various combinations of experimental data. The amount and required accuracy of the measurement data can be selected according to the tyre model application. This...article 2005
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Zahorik, P. (author), Brungart, D.S. (author), Bronkhorst, A.W. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Although auditory distance perception is a critical component of spatial hearing, it has received substantially less scienti.c attention than the directional aspects of auditory localization. Here we summarize current knowledge on auditory distance perception, with special emphasis on recent research results. The summary will be structured...article 2005
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Leskens, M. (author), van Kessel, L.B.M. (author), van den Hof, P.M.J. (author), Bosgra, O.H. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)This paper presents a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy that can be used to tackle model predictive control problems that involve relatively simple nonlinear dynamic models, as for example obtained with first-principles modeling. The main feature of the proposed NMPC strategy is the usage of a moving horizon estimator (MHE) for...conference paper 2005
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Jansen, P. (author), van der Mark, W. (author), van den Heuvel, J.C. (author), Groen, F.C.A. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Terrain classification is an important problem that still remains to be solved for off-road autonomous robot vehicle guidance. Often, obstacle detection systems are used which cannot distinguish between solid obstacles such as rocks or soft obstacles such as tall patches of grass. Terrain classification is needed to prevent that the robot is...conference paper 2005
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Westerhoff, R.S. (author), Brouwer, J.H. (author), Meekes, J.A.C. (author)The application of the MASW method in areas that show strong lateral variations in subsurface properties is limited. Traditional SASW may yield a better lateral resolution but the dispersion curves (and thus the subsurface models) obtained with the method may be poor. The joint application of MASW and SASW is proposed to allow for a robust...conference paper 2005
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TNO Industrie en Techniek (author), Henselmans, R. (author), Rosielle, P.C.J.N. (author), Steinbuch, M. (author), Saunders, I. (author), Bergmans, R. (author)A new universal non-contact measurement machine design for measuring free-form optics with 30 nm expanded uncertainty is presented. In the cylindrical machine concept, an optical probe with 5 mm range is positioned over the surface by a motion system. Due to a 2nd order error effect when measuring smoothly curved surfaces, only 6 position...conference paper 2005
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TNO Informatie- en Communicatietechnologie (author), Hiemstra, D. (author), Kraaij, W. (author)In this paper we present the language modeling approach to information retrieval as a toolbox to systematically combine information from different sources. Four TREC subtasks (Ad Hoc, Entry Page, Adaptive Filtering and Cross-language) are used to illustrate the application of language models to different information retrieval problems.bookPart 2005
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Colin, M.E.G.D. (author), Groen, J. (author), Quesson, B.A.J. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)Although Low Frequency Active Sonar (LFAS) is considered one of the best means of detection and localization of a submarine in shallow water, the use of an active system is not always possible for tactical reasons. It is therefore interesting to include a passive mode in these systems by using the receiving array as a passive array. However,...conference paper 2004
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Naus, H.W.L. (author), van Wijk, C.V. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)Exploiting several arrays of sensors enables simultaneous detection of a number of emitters. Fusion of the respective array data yields lines containing possible positions as a function of the frequency. Identifying multiple intersections eventually leads to unambiguous localisation of the sources. The usual unwanted ghost detections do not...conference paper 2004
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Dunnewind, B. (author), Janssen, A.M. (author), van Vliet, T. (author), Weenen, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The relative importance of cohesion and adhesion for sensory stickness of semisolid foods was investigated using a texture analyzers. Products included commercial mayon-naises, custard desserts and warm sauces which varied in apparent viscosity between 0.3 and 18.3 Pa.s. It was observed that the predictive value of the mathematical models did...article 2004
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Nijkerk, M.D. (author), Kruit, P. (author)Computations of space charge limited currents from thermionic emitters often rely on simple one-dimensional analytical models. The geometric limitations of these models are circumvented by applying the models locally over the emitter surface. The validity of the analytical models is compromised by the presence of surface roughness that...article 2004
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Brouwer, D.H. (author), Gijsbers, J.H.J. (author), Lurvink, M.W.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Recently, toxicological and epidemiological studies on health effects related to particle exposure suggest that 'ultrafine particles' (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of <100 nm) may cause severe health effects after inhalation. Although the toxicological mechanisms for these effects have not yet been explained, it is apparent that...article 2004
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Cherrie, J.W. (author), Semple, S. (author), Brouwer, D. (author), TNO Voeding (author)There are standardized laboratory tests for chemical protective gloves that provide estimates of breakthrough time and steady-state permeation flux. However, there is evidence to suggest that these tests may not be completely relevant to glove usage in the workplace. There is no consensus about how glove workplace effectiveness should be...article 2004
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van Mierlo, J. (author), Maggetto, G. (author), van de Burgwal, H.C. (author), Gense, N.L.J. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)This paper describes the influence on vehicle emissions and energy consumption of different vehicle parameters and driving style as well as of traffic measures taken in order to increase transport safety or to reduce traffic jams. This should allow the Flemish Regional Government to perform more realistic modelling of the impact of transport on...article 2004
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Leskens, M. (author), van den Hof, P.M.J. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)In many multivariable industrial processes a subset of the available input signals is being controlled. In this paper it is analyzed in which sense the resulting partial closed-loop 1 identification problem is actually a full closed-loop problem, or whether one can benefit from the presence of noncontrolled inputs to simplify the identification...conference paper 2004
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Zwane, E.N. (author), van der Pal-de Bruin, K.M. (author), van der Heijden, P.G.M. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)In multiple-record systems estimation it is usually assumed that all registration relate to the same population. In this paper, we develop a method which can be used when the registrations relate to different populations, in the sense that they cover, for example, different time periods or regions. We show that under certain conditions ignoring...article 2004
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Mantel, O.C. (author), Rijken, M. (author), Matic, D. (author), Mawira, A. (author)Signal level predictions for sector antennas in mobile networks strongly depend on the antenna pattern used in the prediction tool. For built-up areas, reflections and scattering often lead to a significant energy component at the back of the antenna, and the theoretical antenna pattern does not account for this effect. We propose a method that ...conference paper 2004
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Berendrecht, W.L. (author), Heemink, A.W. (author), van Geer, F.C. (author), Gehrels, J.C. (author), Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO (author)A nonlinear state-space model is developed for describing water table fluctuations in groundwater systems that are influenced by drains. As drains are only active if the water table is above drainage level, the regime of the system switches at the drainage level. The water table depth is related to observations on precipitation and...article 2004
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Influence of inspiratory resistance on performance during graded exercise tests on a cycle ergometerHeus, R. (author), den Hartog, E.A. (author), Kistemaker, L.J.A. (author), van Dijk, W.J. (author), Swenker, G. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)Due to more stringent requirements to protect personnel against hazardous gasses, the inspiratory resistance of the present generation of respiratory protective devices tends to increase. Therefore an important question is to what extent inspiratory resistance may increase without giving problems during physical work. In this study the effects...article 2004