Systematic derivation of safety factors for the fatigue design of steel bridges

This paper presents a probabilistic framework to derive the safety factors for fatigue of steel and composite steel concrete road bridges. Engineering models are used for the design and the safety factor is derived in such a way that the design meets the target reliability set by international Eurocode and ISO standards, estimated using measured...

Control Oriented Engine Model Development for Model-Based PPC Control

A model-based control approach is proposed to give proper reference for the feed-forward combustion control of Partially Pre-mixed Combustion (PPC) engines. The current study presents a simplified first principal model, which has been developed to provide a base estimation of the ignition properties. This model is used to describe the behavior...

An efficient blade sweep correction model for blade element momentum theory

New dynamic-inflow engineering models based on linear and nonlinear actuator disc vortex models

Two new engineering models are presented for the aerodynamic induction of a wind turbine underdynamicthrust.ThemodelsaredevelopedusingthedifferentialformofDuhamelintegrals of indicial responses of actuator disc type vortex models. The time constants of the indicial functions are obtained by the indicial responses of a linearand a...

Evaluation of different methods for determining the angle of attack on wind turbine blades with CFD results under axial inflow conditions

This work presents an investigation on different methods for the calculation of the angle of attack and the underlying induced velocity on wind turbine blades using data obtained from three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Several methods are examined and their advantages, as well as shortcomings, are presented. The investigations...

An engineering model for wind turbines under yawed conditions derived from high fidelity models

This work presents a significantly improved engineering model for the prediction of the loads in yawed flow. The newly developedmodel focuses on the so-called skewedwake effect. This effect leads to an azimuthal variation of the axial induction velocity which depends on the yawangle, tip speed ratio,wind speed, andradial position.Theazimuthal...

The role of inertia in armor ceramics

Research on armor ceramics created only limited success in its search for relations between mechanical properties and the ballistic efficiency of this class of materials. Also TNO performed research on this subject using a range of experimental test set-ups (mainly using small and mid-caliber rounds) and diagnostic tools on a range of ceramic...

A new standard for predicting lung injury inflicted by Friedlander blast waves

An important blast injury mechanism is the rupture of the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. In explosives safety studies and threat analysis the empirical model of Bowen is often used to quantify this mechanism. The original model predicts the lethality for a person in front of a reflecting surface caused by simple Friedlander blast waves....

TNOs research on ceramic based armor

Several specially designed experimental techniques including an alternative test method have been developed for the evaluation of ceramic based armor. Armor grade ceramics and a range of combined materials have been tested using 7.62 AP rounds. Using the energy method [12] the dwell-time and total energy absorbed from the AP core were determined...

A control oriented multivariable identification procedure for turbocharged diesel engines

Model based monitoring of traffic noise in an urban district

Noise control for an urban district starts by understanding the actual noise situation. A correct understanding is needed to take appropriate and cost efficient measures. For a noise burdened urban district, surrounded by road and rail traffic, the traffic noise as well as the annoyance has been measured. The size of the district is...

Urban traffic noise assessment by combining measurement and model results

A model based monitoring system is applied on a local scale in an urban area to obtain a better understanding of the traffic noise situation. The system consists of a scalable sensor network and an engineering model. A better understanding is needed to take appropriate and cost efficient measures, especially when changes to the local...

Dynamic material characterization by combining ballistic testing and an engineering model

At TNO several energy-based engineering models have been created for various failure mechanism occurring in ballistic testing of materials, like ductile hole growth, denting, plugging, etc. Such models are also under development for ceramic and fiberbased materials (fabrics). As the models are energy-based they can be directly compared to...

Integrated energy and emission management for heavy-duty diesel engines with waste heat recovery system

This study presents an integrated energy and emission management strategy for an Euro-VI diesel engine with Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) system. This Integrated Powertrain Control (IPC) strategy optimizes the CO2-NOx trade-off by minimizing the operational costs associated with fuel and AdBlue consumption. The main contribution of this work is that...

Noise barriers and the harmonoise sound propagation model

The Harmonoise sound propagation model ('the Harmonoise engineering model') was developed in the European project Harmonoise (2001-2004) for road and rail traffic noise. In 2008, CSTB Grenoble and TNO Delft have prepared a detailed description of the various steps involved in a calculation with the Harmonoise model. In the course of this joint...

Sound propagation in cities

A new engineering model for sound propagation in cities is presented. The model is based on numerical and experimental studies of sound propagation between street canyons. Multiple reflections in the source canyon and the receiver canyon are taken into account in an efficient way, while weak reflections by distant buildings involving multiple...