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- van Dril, A.W.N. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author) report 1999
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TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author), van Dijk, S.M. (author), Duyzer, J.H. (author)Nitric oxide (NO) fluxes to the atmosphere were determined from different soil types in coniferous forest and deciduous forest in the Netherlands. Dynamic chambers were used to determine the emission every week throughout a year. Forest type and soil texture are important parameters leading to large differences in fluxes between sites. High...article 1999
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- TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author), Heslinga, D.C. (author), Coenen, P.W.H.G. (author), Jonker, W.J. (author) report 1999
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Roemer, M. (author), Builtjes, P. (author), Esser, P. (author), Guicherit, R. (author), Thijsse, T. (author)Measurements of C2-C5 hydrocarbons on an hourly basis at the TNO site in Delft from 1982 to 1984 and at Moerdijk over the period 1981-1991 are presented. In combination with meteorological data (wind direction and wind speed) the Delft and Moerdijk series are evaluated to identify source categories, annual variations, background concentrations...article 1999
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- van der Most, P.F.J. (author), van Loon, M.M.J. (author), Aulbers, J.A.W. (author), van Daelen, H.J.A.M. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author) report 1998
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Hankemeier, Th. (author), Rozenbrand, J. (author), Abhadur, M. (author), Vreuls, J.J. (author), Brinkman, U.A.Th. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)A procedure is described for the (non-target) screening of hetero-atom-containing compounds in tap and waste water by correlating data obtained by gas chromatography (GC) using atomic emission (AED) and mass selective (MS) detection. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was coupled on-line to both GC systems to enable the determination of...article 1998
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Merétei, T. (author), van Ling, J.A.N. (author), Havenith, C. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)The use of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fuelled lean-burn city bus engines has a significant potential for air quality improvement in urban areas. Particularly important is the reduction of NO, as well as particulate and non regulated HC-emissions. For this reason, a CNG-fuelled, lean-burn, turbocharged, intercooled engine equipped with...article 1998
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Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), Morton, M.S. (author), Brüggemann-Rotgans, I.E.M. (author), van Beresteijn, E.C.H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Objective: The hypothesis was tested that the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is inversely associated with long-term urinary excretion of phyto-oestrogens, as a marker of habitual dietary intake. Design: Secondary analysis of a 10-year follow-up study (1979-1989) among postmenopausal women in the Netherlands. Subjects: From the original...article 1998
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Stigter, J.B. (author), de Haan, H.P.M. (author), Guicherit, R. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)One of the sources of trace heavy metal elements in air are emissions by the oil industry, either directly through stack emissions from refineries or indirectly from emissions of combustion of hydrocarbons. Emission estimates are based mainly on the trace metal content of the crude oil processed. From a literature study carried out in the...other 1998
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Pulles, M.P.J. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)Emission inventories have been, and still are being, compiled within a broad range of national and international activities. The quality of the data in the inventories however is often not defined or not known. This paper concentrates on this aspect of European scale inventories and will present some examples from the field.conference paper 1998
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Samaras, Z. (author), Zachariadis, T. (author), Joumard, R. (author), Vernet, I. (author), Hassel, D. (author), Weber, F.-J. (author), Rijkeboer, R.C. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)This paper presents the first results of a project aimed at evaluation of a number of short tests that can be alternatively used for Inspection and Maintenance of in-use cars emissions performance. For this purpose, a large number of in-use cars from four European countries was tested according to a test protocol that included a wide selection...article 1998
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Canh, T.T. (author), Aarnink, A.J.A. (author), Schutte, J.B. (author), Sutton, A. (author), Langhout, D.J. (author), Verstegen, M.W.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The effects of dietary protein on nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry of growing-finishing pigs were studied both in vitro and in a pig house. The three diets had similar contents of NE, minerals, vitamins and ileal digestible lysine, methionine + cystine, threonine and tryptophan, but differed in CP content (16.5, 14.5 and 12.5%...article 1998
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Pulles, M.P.J. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)National governments in Europe (and elsewhere) are, within the framework of a series of international protocols, required to annually report on the emissions of air pollutants. The European Commissions Environmental Directorate General (DG XI) initiated the compilation of the European Air Emission Inventory (CORINAIR) for the base year 1990 and...conference paper 1998
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Draaijers, G.P.J. (author), Berdowski, J.J.M. (author), Ypenburg, G.C. (author), Visschedijk, A.J.H. (author), Hulskotte, J.H.J. (author), Roemer, M.G.M. (author), van Loon, M. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)An overview is presented of the Dutch emission registration activities with respect to greenhouse gases. This in-cludes the Dutch Pollutant Emission Register (PER) and the global Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Re-search (EDGAR). Objectives. tanks. methods and information systems present in PER and EDGAR are highlighted. Special...conference paper 1998
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Berdowski, J.J.M. (author), Draaijers, G.P.J. (author), Hollander, J.C.T. (author), van Loon, M. (author), Roemer, M.G.M. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)The agreed emission reductions in the Kyoto Protocol require methods to establish the quality and accuracy of the in-ventory data and to monitor compliance with the Protocol. The IPCC Expert Meeting in November 1997 in the Nether-lands concluded that an assessment of inventory data quality was strongly supported by independent checks and addi...conference paper 1998
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Rijkeboer, R.C. (author), Havenith, C. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)Bei Pkw mit Dreiwegkatalysator hat die Aussentemperatur einen beträchtlichen Einfluss auf die tatsächliche HC- und CO-Emission unter praktischen Fahrbedingungen. Bedingt hierdurch sind die realen Emissionen höher, als es das Typpruefergebnis erwarten lässt, wobei die Emissionsfaktoren für HC und CO in skandinavischen Ländern deutlicher höher...article 1998
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van Oss, R. (author), Duyzer, J. (author), Wyers, P. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)Measurements of vertical gradients of ammonium nitrate aerosol and NH3 are used together with HNO3 concentrations to study the influence of gas-to-particle conversion (gtpc) on surface exchange processes above a forest. A numerical model of surface exchange, in which a description of gtpc was incorporated, is used to interpret the measurements....conference paper 1998
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Oonk, J. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)Nitric acid production is identified as a main source of nitrous oxide. Options for emission reduction however are not available. TNO and Hydro Agri studied the technological and economic feasibility of catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide in nitric acid tail-gases. Although in literature promising candidate catalysts are described for...conference paper 1998
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Berdowski, J.J.M. (author), Draaijers, G.P.J. (author), Hollander, J.C.T. (author), van Loon, M. (author), Roemer, M.G.M. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)The agreed emission reductions in the Kyoto Protocol require methods to establish the quality and accuracy of the inventory data and to monitor compliance with the Protocol. The IPCC Expert Meeting in November 1997 in the Netherlands con-cluded that an assessment of inventory data quality was strongly supported by in-dependent checks and...conference paper 1998
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Mourad, S. (author), van de Weijer, C.J.T. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)The use of a dedicated auxiliary power unit is essential to utilize the potential that hybrid vehicles offer for efficient and ultra-clean transportation. An example of a hybrid project at the TNO Road-Vehicles Research Institute shows the development and the results of a dedicated auxiliary power unit for a series hybrid powertrain. This...conference paper 1998