Quantitative description of the relation between protein net charge and protein adsorption to air-water interfaces

In this study a set of chemically engineered variants of ovalbumin was produced to study the effects of electrostatic charge on the adsorption kinetics and resulting surface pressure at the air-water interface. The modification itself was based on the coupling of succinic anhydride to lysine residues on the protein surface. After purification of...

Anodic bonding using the low expansion glass ceramic Zerodur®

Using anodic bonding, a strong bond has been created between the ultralow expansion glass ceramic Zerodur® from Schott and an Al coated piece of ultralow expansion glass (ULE® from Corning). The bond strength has been tested using a tensile testing machine. The bond strength is comparable to the fracture strength of the ULE® material. Using...

Influence of surface roughness on space charge limited emission

Computations of space charge limited currents from thermionic emitters often rely on simple one-dimensional analytical models. The geometric limitations of these models are circumvented by applying the models locally over the emitter surface. The validity of the analytical models is compromised by the presence of surface roughness that...

Electrostatic interactions in protein adsorption probed by comparing lysozyme and succinylated lysozyme

The influence of electrostatic interactions on protein adsorption was studied by comparing the adsorption of lysozyme and succinylated lysozyme at silica surfaces. The succinylation affects the charge of the protein, but also the stability. Although changes in stability can have an influence on adsorption, our data show that the primary effect...

Protein Adsorption at Air-Water Interfaces: A Combination of Details

Using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, a number of molecular functionalities have been studied in relation to the adsorption process of proteins to air-water interfaces. While ellipsometry and drop tensiometry are used to derive information on adsorbed amount and exerted surface pressure, external reflection circular dichroism, infrared,...

Experimental study into plasma-assisted PM removal for diesel engines

Plasma-assisted PM removal is examined in a packed-bed plasma system. This study focuses on the effect of plasma power, space velocity and exhaust gas composition on PM filtration. Experiments are done on an engine dynamometer with a VW 1.2l TDI engine. During these experiments, the airflow is throttled so large smoke levels are realized. Then,...

Electrostatic mask protection for extreme ultraviolet lithography

Electrostatic protection of mask for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) was discussed. Both charged and neutral particles could be prevented from moving towards the mask by choosing a nonuniform electrical field. Benefits of electrostatic protection are that it does not affect the EUV beam and works at the small operating pressures in an EUV...