Biodiversity Loss from Freshwater Use for China’s Electricity Generation

Future European shale gas life-cycle GHG emissions for electric power generation in comparison to other fossil fuels

The carbon footprint of shale gas combusted in Europe was estimated from nine European shale gas plays as potential production regions. Greenhouse gas emission sources during shale gas production, such as fugitives from hydraulic fracturing or combustion emissions from horizontal drilling, were added to emissions occurring for conventional gas...

Temperature effects of bifacial modules: Hotter or cooler?

In this paper we show the results from indoor and outdoor measurements on solar cells and modules, manufactured with different bifacial and monofacial cell architectures and encapsulated in different configurations. Reflection/transmission, IV and IQE spectra of single-cell laminates were measured and used to determine the energy spectra for all...

Optimal resource allocation and load scheduling for a multi-commodity smart energy system

The increasing introduction of district heating systems together with hybrid energy appliances as heat pumps and micro-combined heat and power installations, results in new opportunities for optimizing the available resources in multi-commodity smart energy systems, including electricity, heat and gas. By 'converting' forms of energy using...

Self-powered optical sensor systems

A 0.35 μm CMOS process has been used for on-chip integration of a sun sensor composed of a 2x2 photodiode array and a current-to-voltage amplifier. Unlike conventional sun sensors, a shade profile proportional to the angle of incidence of incoming light is projected onto the photodiodes. This concept enables an autonomous self-powered optical...

Energy scenarios for European passenger transport in the year 2030

In this paper four energy scenarios for Westy-European passenger transport are developed. To start with, the present transport system as a base-line case is described and analysed. Next, for each scenario we sketch how the passenger transport system may look like in terms of the use of various existing and future transport technologies and the...

A basic analysis of cogeneration economics

The economics of small scale gas turbine based cogeneration systems are analyzed on the basis of avoided costs for an electric utility exploiting such systems. This concerns a theoretical study in which the cogeneration system as a means for electricity generation is assumed to supplant the building of new central electricity generating plant....