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Tukker, A. (author), Buist, H. (author), van Oers, L. (author), van der Voet, E. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The EU Commission's Services asked TNO and CML to perform a study into the risks of the present uses of lead over time, as an input to a discussion on the need of a further reduction of the use of this material. The study was set up as a substance flow analysis to analyse trends in uses and emissions of lead in Europe between 2000 and 2030. The...article 2006
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Zvinavashe, E. (author), Murk, A.J. (author), Vervoort, J. (author), Soffers, A.E.M.F. (author), Freidig, A. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Fifteen experimental literature data sets on the acute toxicity of substituted nitrobenzenes to algae (Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, C. vulgaris), daphnids (Daphnia magna, D. carinata), fish (Cyprinus carpio, Poecilia reticulata), protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis), bacteria (Phosphobacterium phosphoreum), and yeast (Saccharomyces...article 2006
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Heard, D.E. (author), Read, K.A. (author), Methven, J. (author), Al-Haider, S. (author), Bloss, W.J. (author), Johnson, G.P. (author), Pilling, M.J. (author), Seakins, P.W. (author), Smith, S.C. (author), Sommariva, R. (author), Stanton, J.C. (author), Still, T.J. (author), Ingham, T. (author), Brooks, B. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), Jackson, A.V. (author), McQuaid, J.B. (author), Morgan, R. (author), Smith, M.H. (author), Carpenter, L.J. (author), Carslaw, N. (author), Hamilton, J. (author), Hopkins, J.R. (author), Lee, J.D. (author), Lewis, A.C. (author), Purvis, R.M. (author), Wevill, D.J. (author), Brough, N. (author), Green, T. (author), Mills, G. (author), Penkett, S.A. (author), Plane, J.M.C. (author), Saiz-Lopez, A. (author), Worten, D. (author), Monks, P.S. (author), Fleming, Z. (author), Rickard, A.R. (author), Alfarra, M.R. (author), Allan, J.D. (author), Bower, K. (author), Coe, H. (author), Cubison, M. (author), Flynn, M. (author), McFiggans, G. (author), Gallagher, M. (author), Norton, E.G. (author), O'Dowd, C.D. (author), Shillito, J. (author), Topping, D. (author), Vaughan, G. (author), Williams, P. (author), Bitter, M. (author), Ball, S.M. (author), Jones, R.L. (author), Povey, I.M. (author), O'Doherty, S. (author), Simmonds, P.G. (author), Allen, A. (author), Kinnersley, R.P. (author), Beddows, D.C.S. (author), Dall'Osto, M. (author), Harrison, R.M. (author), Donovan, R.J. (author), Heal, M.R. (author), Jennings, S.G. (author), Noone, C. (author), Spain, G. (author)The North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (NAMBLEX), involving over 50 scientists from 12 institutions, took place at Mace Head, Ireland (53.32° N, 9.90° W), between 23 July and 4 September 2002. A wide range of state-of-the-art instrumentation enabled detailed measurements of the boundary layer structure and atmospheric composition in...article 2006
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Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. (author), Bleeker, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas produced in soils and aquatic systems. The UNFCCC requires participants to report 'indirect' N2O emissions, following from agricultural N losses to ground- and surface water and N deposition on (other) ecosystems due to agricultural sources. Indirect N2O emission due to atmospheric N deposition is...article 2005
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Hendriks, A.J. (author), Maas-Diepeveen, J.L.M. (author), Heugens, E.H.W. (author), van Straalen, N.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Most of the thousands of substances and species that are of concern for environmental management will not be investigated empirically at ecologically relevant levels because of financial, practical, and ethical constraints. To allow risk assessment for these less well-known categories, we have developed a mechanistic model with classical...article 2005
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Vogtländer, J.G. (author), Lindeijer, E. (author), Witte, J.P.M. (author), Hendriks, C. (author)The environmental impact of land-use can be expressed in terms of a change in biodiversity of flora. We present two models that characterize the negative effects of land-use: a model on the basis of species richness; a model on the basis of the rarity of ecosystems and their vascular plants. Each of those models may serve in the EIA ...article 2004
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Simons, D.G. (author), van Moll, C.A.M. (author), Snellen, M. (author)Today there is a concern that man-made sounds, such as that from sonar experiments, seismic operations and oil rigs, affect marine mammals. Detection and localisation of marine mammals will definitely support measures to reduce the possible detrimental effects. This paper presents a two-stage localisation method, which is applied to data...article 2004
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de Leeuw, G. (author), Ambelas Skjøth, C. (author), Hertel, O. (author), Jickells, T. (author), Spokes, L. (author), Vignati, E. (author), Frohn, L. (author), Frydendall, J. (author), Schulz, M. (author), Tamm, S. (author), Sørensen, L.L. (author), Kunz, G.J. (author)The flux of nitrogen species from the atmosphere into the ocean, with emphasis on coastal waters, was addressed during the ANICE project (Atmospheric Nitrogen Inputs into the Coastal Ecosystem). ANICE focused on quantifying the deposition of atmospheric inputs of inorganic nitrogen compounds (HNO3, NO3-, NH3 and NH4+) into the North Sea and the...article 2003
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Ambelas Skjoth, C. (author), Hertel, O. (author), Vignati, E. (author), Pedersen, B. (author), Klein, L. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), Spokes, L. (author), Jickells, T. (author), Schulz, M. (author), Sorensen, L. (author), Schluenzen, K.H. (author), Tamm, S. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)The ANICE (Atmospheric Nitrogen Inputs into the Coastal Ecosystem) project addressed the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the North Sea, with emphasis on coastal effects. ANlCE focused on quantifying the deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to the North Sea and the governing processes. An overview of the results from modelling and...article 2003
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Möls, J.J. (author), Bakker, F.P. (author), Erisman, J.W. (author), Fonteijn, P.B. (author)During one year throughfall was measured in four Level II forest sitesin the Netherlands as part of the PAN European monitoring programme for the Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems. The data for the monitoring year 2001 are reported and a canopy exchange model was applied to estimate the atmospheric deposition to these sites. The...report 2002
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Möls, J.J. (author), Bakker, F.P. (author), Erisman, J.W. (author), Fonteijn, P.B. (author)During one year throughfall was measured in four level II forest sites in the Netherlands as part of the PAN European monitoring programme for the Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems. The data for the monitoring year 2000 are reported and a canopy exchange model was applied to estimate the atmospheric deposition to these sites. The...report 2001
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- de Leeuw, G. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author), Kunz, G.J. (author), Moerman, M.M. (author), Geernaert, G. (author), Hertel, O.H. (author), Jensen, B. (author), Pedersen, B. (author), Vignati, E. (author), Sorensen, L.L. (author), Lund, S. (author), Jickells, T. (author), Spokes, L. (author), Schlunzen, H. (author), Klein, L. (author), Von Salzen, K. (author), Schulz, M. (author), Tamm, S. (author) article 2000
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Erisman, J.W. (author)As part of the Forestry Strategy for Europe, a review of the Europeanscheme for the protection of forests against air pollution (Council Regulation 3528186) was undertaken. This report presents the results of the review, and serves as input for the discussion on the adaptation of the existing regulation. The aim of the study was to review the...report 2000
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de Leeuw, G. (author), Cohen, L. (author), Kunz, G.J. (author), Moerman, M. (author), Geernaert, G. (author), Hertel, O. (author), Jensen, B. (author), Pedersen, B. (author), Vignati, E. (author), Sorensen, L.L. (author), Lund, S. (author), Jickells, T. (author), Spokes, L. (author), Schlunzen, H. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)The Atmospheric Nitrogen Inputs into the Costal Ecosystem (ANICE) project was initiated to improve the accuracy and performance of model tools used to estimate the atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the sea. The experimental work includes the use of a ferry for long-term measurements of gaseous species, aerosols and rain water during one year,...article 1999
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Bakker, D.J. (author), Gilbert, A.J. (author), Gottschild, D. (author), Kuchnicki, T. (author), Laane, R.W.P.M. (author), Linders, J.B.H.J. (author), van de Meent, D. (author), Montforts, M.H.M.M. (author), Pino, J. (author), Pol, J.W. (author), van Straalen, N.M. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)Atmospheric fate of pesticides and their possible effects in ecosystems beyond the immediate surrounding of the application site are not actively considered in currently used regulatory, risk assessment schemes. Concern with respect to atmospheric transport and subsequent deposition of pesticides in non-target areas is however growing. In this...article 1999
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Bowmer, C.T. (author), Hooftman, R.N. (author), Hanstveit, A.O. (author), Venderbosch, P.W.M. (author), van der Hoeven, N. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)The ecotoxicity of lactic acid, its alkyl esters and selected metal salts was studied experimentally with the micro alga Selenastrum capricornutum, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the fish species Brachydanio rerio and Pimephales promelas. In addition, the biodegradation of lactate esters was also studied. The aim of the study was to provide...article 1998
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Erisman, J.W. (author), Draaijers, G.P.J. (author), Steingröver, E. (author), van Dijk, H. (author), Boxman, A. (author), de Vries, W. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)Within the framework of the Dutch Priority Program on Acidification, 10 yr of research was conducted in a Douglas fir stand at Speulder forest. Research was conducted to establish the loads and levels of acidifying and eutrophying pollutants and ozone, to determine forest vitality characteristics and follow growth parameters and nutrient status...article 1998