Review of Optimization Strategies for System-Level Design in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The optimal design of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) can be formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem that spreads over multiple levels (technology, topology, size, and control). In the last decade, studies have shown that by integrating these optimization levels, fuel benefits are obtained, which go beyond the results achieved with...

Effects of using Synthesized Driving Cycles on Vehicle Fuel Consumption

Creating a driving cycle (DC) for the design and validation of new vehicles is an important step that will influence the efficiency, functionality and performance of the final systems. In this work, a DC synthesis method is introduced, based on multi-dimensional Markov Chain, where both the velocity and road slope are investigated. Particularly,...

Synthesis of Realistic Driving Cycles With High Accuracy and Computational Speed, Including Slope Information

This paper describes a new method to synthesize driving cycles, where not only the velocity is considered but the road slope information of the real-world measured driving cycle as well. Driven by strict emission regulations and tight fuel targets, hybrid or electric vehicle manufacturers aim to develop new and more energy- and cost-efficient...

Stochastic Real-World Drive Cycle Generation Based on a Two Stage Markov Chain Approach

This paper presents a methodology and tool that stochastically generates drive cycles based on measured data, with the purpose of testing and benchmarking light duty vehicles in a simulation environment or on a test-bench. The WLTP database, containing real world driving measurements, was used as input data. Consequently cycles that contain...

WLTP Random Cycle Generator

European light duty vehicle emission legislation is gradually shifting the focus from test procedures with merely static test cycles, towards procedures including Real Driving Emissions (RDE), as they are a mean to achieve the European (NOx) emission reduction target. Hence a RDE trip must represent European driving behavior, such that «real...

Inventory of test procedures: state of the art and problems

Matador: final report of task 2

In Task 2 of the MATADOR-project1 measurement methods have been developed for the evaluation of the energy consumption and emissions of vehicles with advanced propulsion systems, such as battery-electric, hybrid-electric and fuel cell vehicles. Based on an inventory of existing and prospective standard test procedures and of technology-specific...

Development and testing of a bipolar lead-acid battery for hybrid electric vehicles

An 80 V bipolar lead-acid battery was constructed and tested using hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) drive cycles. Drive cycles with a peak power of 6.7 kW, equal to 1/5 of the total power profile required for the HEV studied, were run successfully. Model calculations showed that the 80 V module constructed, which is at the moment 2.5 times heavier...

Heavy-duty approval test cycles: Assessment of currently applied test cycles and theories for the development of new duty cycles

In the development of the new emission reduction technologies, the benefits of the use of these technologies must be assessed for real-life engine use. As in practice engines are developed to perform as good as possible on the approval test cycle on the basis of which emission limits are set, it is of the utmost importance that the engine load...