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Kluft, C. (author), Lansink, M. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have effects on a large number of haemostasis variables. We have summarised literature data on effects of COCs containing 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol for the third generation of progestogens (PGs): desogestrel, gestodene and norgestimate. It is concluded that about 15 variables show a shift in distribution of...
article 1997
document
Beekman, B. (author), Verzijl, N. (author), de Roos, J.A.D.M. (author), Koopman, J.L. (author), Tekoppele, J.M. (author), Leiden, Netherlands Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)
Doxycycline is known for its ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of enzymes that play a role in cartilage breakdown in arthritides. Its prophylactic effect in reducing joint degradation in osteoarthritis is mainly attributed to this property. In this study, we show that doxycycline exhibits a profound inhibition of...
article 1997
document
Cassee, F.R. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein are well-known upper respiratory tract irritants and occur simultaneously as pollutants in many indoor and outdoor environments. The upper respiratory tract, and especially the nose, is the prime target for inhaled aldehydes. To study possible additive or interactive effects on the nasal epithelium we...
article 1996
document
Jonker, D. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
The toxicity of mixtures of chemicals with the same target organ was examined in rats using nephrotoxicants with similar or dissimilar modes of action. In a 4-wk feeding study, lysinoalanine, mercuric chloride, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene and d-limonene, each affecting renal proximal tubular cells but through different modes of action, were...
article 1996
document
Arts, J.H.E. (author), Dröge, S.C.M. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)
Five rat strains were compared for their performance in the local lymph node assay (LLNA) a promising test system for the identification of the skin-sensitizing potential of chemicals in the mouse. The contact sensitizer 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and the contact and respiratory sensitizer trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were used as model...
article 1996
document
Schoen, E.D. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)
Combination toxicological studies with statistically designed experiments do not often elaborate on the qualities of the design. Therefore, it may seem that the design used is the only one to meet the objectives of the study. This article demonstrates, on the contrary, that there are often several possibilities. Three recent toxicological...
article 1996
document
van Vliet, T. (author), Fentener van Vlissingen, M. (author), van Schaik, F. (author), van den Berg, H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)
The purpose of this study was to examine whether intestinal β-carotene cleavage activity, measured with the dioxygenase assay, is affected by vitamin A intake and whether this in vitro activity is a determinant of β- carotene cleavage in vivo, measured in lymph-cannulated rats. Six groups of 10-20 rats were fed a diet with a low, normal or high...
article 1996
document
Til, H.P. (author), Modderman, J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
Erythritol was orally administered to Wistar rats at dietary levels of 0, 5, and 10% for 4 weeks. Soft stools and diarrhea were observed in male and female animals of the 10% group and in female animals of the 5% group. These symptoms disappeared during the course of the study. Mean body weights of male rats in the high-dose group were...
article 1996
document
Hissink, A.M. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)
Toxicity of halobenzenes has been ascribed mainly to their epoxides, but recent studies with bromobenzene have shown that secondary quinone metabolites are also involved in the alkylation of hepatic proteins. However, the relative contribution of the quinones and the epoxides to the toxicity of halobenzenes is still unclear. In order to...
article 1996
document
Til, H.P. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Falke, H.E. (author), Bär, A. (author)
Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) with potential applications as a low-calorie, bulk sweetener. Ingested erythritol is efficiently absorbed and excreted unchanged via the urine since it is not metabolized systemically by the animal or human body. Erythritol was administered to four groups of 10 male and 10 female Swiss CD-1 mice and four...
article 1996
document
TNO Prins Maurits Laboratorium (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), de Jong, L.P.A. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)
Several p-nitrophenyl phosphoramidates with the general formula RO(NH2)P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2, in which R = CH2CH3, CH2CH2F, CH2CHF2, CH2CF3, CH2CH2CH2CH3, and CH2CH2Cl, as well as (NH2)2P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2 were administered intravenously to guinea pigs as pretreatment compounds for protection against the lethal effects of 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl...
article 1996
document
Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Roggeband, R. (author), Baan, R.A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Rutten, A.A.J.J.L. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)
Vitamin A and β-carotene protect against respiratory tract cancer by inhibiting the formation of DNA damage and controlling cellular proliferation and differentiation, Recently, it has been shown that the p53 tumor-suppressor gene plays a crucial role in the etiology of respiratory tract cancer. In the present study, we investigated the...
article 1995
document
Twisk, J. (author), de Wit, E.C.M. (author), Princen, H.M.G. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)
In previous work we have demonstrated suppression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase by bile acids at the level of mRNA and transcription, resulting in a similar decline in bile acid synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. In view of the substantial contribution of the 'alternative' or '27-hydroxylase' route to total bile acid synthesis, as...
article 1995
document
Princen, H.M.G. (author), van Duyvenvoorde, W. (author), Buytenhek, R. (author), van der Laarse, A. (author), van Poppel, G. (author), Gevers Leuven, J.A. (author), van Hinsbergh, V.W.M. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)
There is accumulating evidence that oxidative modification of LDL is an important step in the process of atherogenesis and that antioxidants may protect LDL from oxidation. We and others have previously shown that ingestion of pharmacological doses of the antioxidant D,L-α-tocopherol (vitamin E), far above the recommended daily intake (ie, 12 to...
article 1995
document
Hennis, B.C. (author), Boomsma, D.I. (author), Fijnvandraat, K. (author), Gevers Leuven, J.A. (author), Peters, M. (author), Kluft, C. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)
Plasma levels of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) were investigated in three groups of women receiving a different dose of estrogens. First, the effect of low-dose estrogen was studied in a group of 83 postmenopausal women who were treated with 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens (CE). No significant change from baseline levels was found at the end...
article 1995
document
van Delft, J.H.M. (author), Baan, R.A. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)
Germ cell mutagenesis was studied in male λlacZ transgenic mice in such a way that the data can be compared with literature data for germ cell mutagenesis obtained with the specific-locus test. This comparison is of interest for validation of the transgenic mouse model. We studied mutagenesis induced by ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in mature...
article 1995
document
Vink, A.A. (author), Bergen Henegouwen, J.B.A. (author), Nikaido, O. (author), Baan, R.A. (author), Roza, L. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)
Induction and removal of cyclobutane thymine dimers and (6-4)photoproducts were studied in epidermal DNA isolated from UV-exposed hairless mice. For the detection of DNA damage, lesion-specific monoclonal antibodies were used in an immunoslotblot assay. Following the exposure of mice to 3.0 kJ m-2 UV-B, substantial removal of both thymine dimers...
article 1994
document
Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), van 't Veer, P. (author), Dorant, E. (author), Sturmans, F. (author), Hermus, R.J.J. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)
The association between alcohol consumption and cancer of the colon and rectum was investigated in a prospective cohort study, conducted in the Netherlands from 1986 onwards among 120,852 men and women, aged 55 to 69 years. During 3.3 years of follow-up, 312 and 166 cases of colon and rectal cancer had accumulated, respectively. After exclusion...
article 1994
document
van Raaij, J.A.G.M. (author), Frijters, C.M.G. (author), Wong Yen Kong, L. (author), van den Berg, K.J. (author), Notten, W.R.F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)
In the present study the effects of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and the metabolite pentachlorophenol (PCP) were investigated with respect to uptake of thyroxine (T4) into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain structures of rats. [125I]T4 was taken up into CSF of control rats by a relatively slow process, reaching a steady state after about 3 h. Both...
article 1994
document
Sloot, W.N. (author), van der Sluijs-Gelling, A.J. (author), Gramsbergen, J.B.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)
Regional 45Ca2+ accumulation and analysis of monoamines and metabolites in dissected tissues were used to localize, quantify, and characterize brain damage after intracerebral injections of Mn2+ into striatum and hippocampus. The specificity of Mn2+-induced lesions is described in relation to brain damage produced by local Fe2+ or 6-...
article 1994
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