Searched for: subject%3A%22Dose%255C-response%255C%2Brelationship%22
(121 - 140 of 224)
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Feron, V.J. (author), Kittel, B. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Ernst, H. (author), Rittinghausen, S. (author), Muhle, H. (author), Koch, W. (author), Gamer, A. (author), Mallett, A.K. (author), Hoffmann, H.D. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Two independent bioassays are available which have examined the potential carcinogenicity of monomeric and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) following long-term inhalation exposure in rats. These studies are not directly comparable, however, due to differences in design and conduct of the in-life phase, and differences in...article 2001
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Feron, V.J. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Slootweg, P.J. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author)Health risks of inhaled nasal toxicants were reviewed with emphasis on chemically induced nasal lesions in humans, sensory irritation, olfactory and trigeminal nerve toxicity, nasal immunopathology and carcinogenesis, nasal responses to chemical mixtures, in vitro models, and nasal dosimetry- and metabolism-based extrapolation of nasal data in...article 2001
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van Och, F.M.M. (author), Vandebriel, R.J. (author), Prinsen, M.K. (author), de Jong, W.H. (author), Slob, W. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) has been used as a method for the prediction of skin sensitizing potential for over 30 years. Besides hazard identification, risk assessment of sensitizing chemicals requires the assessment of potency. For the determination of potency based on lowest effective dose levels, dose-response studies are...article 2001
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Schuller, A.A. (author), Holst, D. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Background: A number of epidemiological studies have shown that smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease. Little is known about the relationship between smoking duration and alveolar bone loss. The purpose of this research was to describe the prevalence of alveolar bone loss according to smoking status in Norway. A dose-response model...article 2001
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- van den Berg, A.P. (author), van den Berg-Blok, A.E. (author), Kal, H.B. (author), Reinhold, H.S. (author) article 2001
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van den Berg, A.P. (author), van den Berg-Blok, A.E. (author), Kal, H.B. (author), Reinhold, H.S. (author)Purpose: To assess the therapeutic gain (at the TCD50 level) that can be obtained by boosting thermoradiotherapy with intravenous glucose infusion at different temperatures. This completes our series of studies to determine the optimal conditions and the effectiveness of glucose administration at clinically achievable glucose levels and...article 2001
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Sanner, T. (author), Dybing, E. (author), Willems, M.I. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)This report provides guidance for using the dose-descriptor T25 from animal studies as a basis for quantitative risk characterisation of non-threshold carcinogens. T25 is presently used within the European Union for setting specific concentration limits for carcinogens in relation to labelling of preparations (formulations). The T25 is defined...article 2001
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Woutersen, R.A. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Stevenson, H. (author), te Biesebeek, J.D. (author), Slob, W. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)The OECD study design, aimed at obtaining a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), may be suboptimal for deriving a benchmark dose. Therefore the present subacute (28-day) study was carried out to evaluate a multiple dose study design and to compare the results with the common OECD design. Seven groups of 10 female rats each were...article 2001
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Prinsen, M.K. (author), Gouko, N. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)In Japan there is growing concern about the possible adverse effects of consumption of food from styrene containers (mainly those made from polystyrene paper) due to the alleged oestrogenic activity of styrene oligomers (dimers and trimers), which may migrate into the food. To examine the possible oestrogenic activity of styrene dimers and...article 2001
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Freidig, A. (author), Hofhuis, M. (author), van Holstijn, I. (author), Hermens, J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Glutathione (GSH) depletion is often reported as an early cytotoxic effect, caused by many reactive organic chemicals. In the present study, GSH depletion in primary rat hepatocytes was used as an in vitro effect-equivalent to measure the toxic potency of α,β-unsaturated esters (acrylates and methacrylates). 2. When these compounds were...article 2001
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Wijnands, M.V.W. (author), Schoterman, H.C. (author), Bruijntjes, J.P. (author), Hollanders, V.M.H. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS, Elix'or) on the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colorectal tumours in rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). Two groups of 102 male Fischer 344 rats were injected twice with AOM to induce colorectal tumours, and fed diets containing either a...article 2001
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Gaubius Instituut TNO (author), Gervois, P. (author), Vu-Dac, N. (author), Kleemann, R. (author), Kockx, M. (author), Dubois, G. (author), Laine, B. (author), Kosykh, V. (author), Fruchart, J.C. (author), Kooistra, T. (author), Staels, B. (author)Fibrinogen is a coagulation factor and an acute phase reactant up-regulated by inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6). Elevated plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with coronary heart diseases. Fibrates are clinically used hypolipidemic drugs that act via the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ...article 2001
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Emmen, H.H. (author), Hoogendijk, E.M.G. (author), Klöpping-Ketelaars, W.A.A. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Duistermaat, E. (author), Ravensberg, J.C. (author), Alexander, D.J. (author), Borkhataria, D. (author), Rusch, G.M. (author), Schmit, B. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)HFC 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and HFC 227 (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane) are used to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerant and aerosol applications, including medical use in metered-dose inhalers. Production and consumption of CFCs are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer....article 2000
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Collen, A. (author), Smorenburg, S.M. (author), Peters, E. (author), Lupu, F. (author), Koolwijk, P. (author), van Noorden, C. (author), van Hinsbergh, V.W.M. (author), Gaubius instituut TNO (author)Cancer patients treated for venous thromboembolism with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) have a better survival rate than patients treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH). Because fibrin-associated angiogenesis is an important determinant in the progression and metastasis of many solid tumors, the effects of heparins on in vitro...article 2000
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Cappaert, N.L.M. (author), Klis, S.F.L. (author), Baretta, A.B. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Smoorenburg, G.F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Rats were exposed to ethyl benzene at 0, 300, 400 and 550 ppm for 8 hours/day for 5 consecutive days. Three to six weeks after the exposure, auditory function was tested by measuring compound action potentials (CAP) in the frequency range of 1-24 kHz and 2f1-f2 distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in the frequency range of 4-22.6...article 2000
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Anderson, D. (author), Yardley-Jones, A. (author), Hambly, R.J. (author), Vives-Bauza, C. (author), Smykatz-Kloss, V. (author), Chua-anusorn, W. (author), Webb, J. (author), TNO BIBRA International (author)Thalassaemia is a group of genetic diseases where haemoglobin synthesis is impaired. This chronic anaemia leads to increased dietary iron absorption, which develops into iron overload pathology. Treatment through regular transfusions increases oxygen capacity but also provides iron through the red cells' haemoglobin. An essential treatment, in...article 2000
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Sakharov, D.V. (author), Hekkenberg, R.T. (author), Rijken, D.C. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)High-frequency ultrasound has been shown to accelerate enzymatic fibrinolysis. One of the supposed mechanisms of this effect is the enhancement of mass transport by acoustic streaming, i.e., ultrasound-induced macroscopic flow around the clot. In this study, which is aimed at further elucidating the mechanisms of the acceleration of fibrinolysis...article 2000
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Griffiths, R. (author), Grieve, A. (author), Scollon, J. (author), Scott, M. (author), Williams, C. (author), Meredith, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Bibra (author)Using primary cultures of mouse cerebellar granule cells as an in vitro model system, it has been demonstrated that different profiles of temporal expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene are observed under non-excitotoxic and excitotoxic conditions. A ratio has been derived previously for the steady- state level of c-fos mRNA after 30 min and 240...article 2000
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Kappers, W.A. (author), van Och, F.M.M. (author), de Groene, E.M. (author), Horbach, G.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Three different in vitro mutation assays were used to investigate the involvement of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the activation of the nitro- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitroPAHs) 1-nitropyrene and 2- nitrofluorene and their reduced metabolites amino-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aminoPAHs) 1-aminopyrene and 2-aminofluorene....article 2000
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Graaf, I.A.M. (author), Tajima, O. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and cell proliferation were studied in control and 1,1'-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2,-trichloroethane (DDT) treated precision-cut liver slices of rat by evaluating connexin 32 (Cx32) expression and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. In addition, the effect of different culture media (RPMI...article 2000
Searched for: subject%3A%22Dose%255C-response%255C%2Brelationship%22
(121 - 140 of 224)