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de Wijk, R.A. (author), Prinz, J.F. (author), Engelen, L. (author), Weenen, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
The role of salivary α-amylase in odour, flavour, and oral texture sensations was investigated in two studies in which the activity of salivary amylase present in the mouth of human subjects was either increased by presenting custards with added α-amylase or decreased by presenting custards with added acarbose, an amylase inhibitor. For starch...
article 2004
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
There has been considerable interest in the use of expanded histopathology as a primary screen for immunotoxicity assessment. To determine the utility of a semiquantitative histopathology approach for examining specific structural and architectural changes in lymphoid tissues, a validation effort was initiated. This study addresses the...
article 2004
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Sierksma, A. (author), Muller, M. (author), van der Schouw, Y.T. (author), Grobbee, D.E. (author), Hendriks, H.F.J. (author), Bots, M.L. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)
Objective: Moderate alcohol consumption has been proposed to be anti-atherogenic and protect against coronary heart disease. Arterial stiffness provides a summary measure of atherosclerotic arterial damage and cardiovascular risk. A vascular protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption would be reflected in an inverse association between...
article 2004
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Bajgar, J. (author), Ševelová, L. (author), Krejčová, G. (author), Fusek, J. (author), Vachek, J. (author), Kassa, J. (author), Herink, J. (author), de Jong, L.P.A. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)
Soman belongs to the most dangerous nerve agents because of the low effectiveness of the presently available antidotes. Soman acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) both peripherally and centrally, with a subsequent accumulation of neuromediator acetylcholine and other metabolic changes. From the data published in literature it can be...
article 2004
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Jacobs, J.J.L. (author), Lehé, C.L. (author), Cammans, K.D.A. (author), Das, P.K. (author), Elliott, G.R. (author)
The human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC) model is a promising alternative in vitro model for screening contact allergens. In this model, the chemical-induced migration of Langerhans cells (LCs) out of the epidermis, evaluated after a 24-h exposure period, is used as a measure of sensitizer potential. As skin irritants can also induce...
article 2004
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Bergers, W.W.A. (author), van de Meent-van der Horst, D. (author), Joosen, M.J.A. (author)
A technique for measurement of respiration-based lung deposition of an aerosol was investigated and subsequently applied in a pilot study with a marmoset monkey. The technique consisted of an aerosol exposure system for a marmoset using a face mask and a previously constructed monkey chair, a method for recovery of fluorescent dextrane from lung...
article 2004
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Verbeek, R. (author), Plomp, A.C. (author), van Tol, E.A.F. (author), van Noort, J.M. (author)
Plant-derived flavonoids are inhibitors of various intracellular processes, notably phosphorylation pathways, and potential inhibitors of cellular autoimmunity. In this study, the inhibiting effects of various flavonoids on antigen-specific proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by human and murine autoreactive T cells were...
article 2004
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van den Heuvel, E.G.H.M. (author), Wils, D. (author), Pasman, W.J. (author), Bakker, M. (author), Saniez, M.-H. (author), Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
Objective: To determine the tolerance of increasing dosages of an incompletely hydrolysed and/or incompletely absorbed food dextrin coming from wheat starch, NUTRIOSE®FB, at daily levels of 10 and 15 g up to 60 and 80 g, respectively. Design: A randomized, double-blind, multiple dose, placebo-controlled, combined crossover and parallel trial....
article 2004
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TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author), Schaap, F.G. (author), Rensen, P.C.N. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Vrins, C. (author), van der Vliet, H.N. (author), Chamuleau, R.A.F.M. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Groen, A.K. (author), van Dijk, K.W. (author)
ApoAV has been discovered recently as a novel modifier of triglyceride (TG) metabolism, but the pathways involved are currently unknown. To gain insight into the function of apoAV, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of murine apoa5 to C57Bl/6 mice was employed. The injection of low doses of Ad-apoa5 (1-5 x 108 plaque-forming units/mouse) dose...
article 2004
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Lamers, R.-J.A.N. (author), de Groot, J. (author), Spies-Faber, E.J. (author), Jellema, R.H. (author), Kraus, V.B. (author), Verzijl, N. (author), te Koppele, J.M. (author), Spijksma, G.K. (author), Vogels, J.T.W.E. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), van Nesselrooij, J.H.J. (author)
Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common diseases among the elderly, is characterized by the progressive destruction of joint tissues. Its etiology is largely unclear and no effective disease-modifying treatment is currently available. Metabolic fingerprinting provides a novel tool for the identification of biomarkers. A metabolic fingerprint...
article 2003
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Delaney, B. (author), Carlson, T. (author), Zheng, G.-H. (author), Hess, R. (author), Knutson, N. (author), Frazer, S. (author), Ostergren, K. (author), van Zijverden, M. (author), Knippels, L. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Penninks, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
The cholesterol-lowering effect observed following consumption of oats and barley is attributable to the β-glucan component of the soluble fiber fraction of these cereal grains. β-Glucan has also been reported to modulate immune activity, however, few studies have evaluated the hematological effects of β-glucan following oral exposure. In the...
article 2003
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van Hensbergen, Y. (author), Broxterman, H.J. (author), Peters, E. (author), Rana, S. (author), Elderkamp, Y.W. (author), van Hinsbergh, V.W.M. (author), Koolwijk, P. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)
The aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin has been shown to have anti-angiogenic effects in a number of model systems. These effects are thought to result from inhibition of CD13 activity. Because tumor angiogenesis can evolve in a fibrin-rich stroma matrix we have studied for the first time the effects of bestatin on microvascular endothelial...
article 2003
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Lu, K.Q. (author), Brenneman, S. (author), Burns Jr., R. (author), Vink, A. (author), Gaines, E. (author), Haake, A. (author), Gaspari, A. (author)
Background: Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory pharmacologic agent that has been utilized as a therapy for a number of dermatologic diseases. Its anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed to its ability to antagonize tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) production by monocytes. However, its mechanism of action in the skin is not known....
article 2003
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van Asperen, J. (author), Rijcken, W.R.P. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
The toxicity of inhalatory exposure to organic solvents may not only be related to the total external dose, but also to the pattern of exposure. In this study physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modelling has been used to study the impact of the exposure scenario on the toxicokinetics and the behavioural effects of the model solvent...
article 2003
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Jonker, D. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Fraile, N. (author), Estrella, A. (author), Rodríguez Otero, C. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
Lycopene, as a suspension in sunflower oil (20% w/w), was tested for subchronic toxicity by administration at dietary concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0% to groups of 20 male and 20 female Wistar rats for a period of 90 days. The lycopene examined in this study was derived from a fungal biomass (Blakeslea trispora). Lycopene intake was...
article 2003
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Bueters, T.J.H. (author), van Duivenvoorde, L.M. (author), Danhof, M. (author), IJzerman, A.P. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)
The application of adenosine A1 receptor agonists in regard to cerebral disorders is hampered by serious cardiovascular side effects. This problem might be circumvented by using low-efficacy agonists (partial agonists). The objective of the present study was to characterize the effects of the full agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and its...
article 2003
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Bueters, T.J.H. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author), IJzerman, A.P. (author), Danhof, M. (author)
The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and its low efficacy derivatives 2′-deoxy-CPA (2DCPA), 3′-deoxy-CPA (3DCPA), 8-ethylamino-CPA (8ECPA) and 8-butylamino-CPA (8BCPA) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) using intrastriatal microdialysis. These low...
article 2003
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van Zanden, J.J. (author), Hamman, O.B. (author), van Iersel, M.L.P.S. (author), Boeren, S. (author), Cnubben, N.H.P. (author), Lo Bello, M. (author), Vervoort, J. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author)
In the present study, the inhibition of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) by the flavonoid quercetin has been investigated. The results show a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of GSTP1-1 by quercetin. GSTP1-1 activity is completely inhibited upon 1 h incubation with 100 μM quercetin or 2 h incubation with 25 μM quercetin...
article 2003
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van Beek, E.R. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author), Leroy, I.M. (author), Ebetino, F.H. (author), Löwik, C.W.G.M. (author), Papapoulos, S.E. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)
Bisphosphonates (BPS) inhibit bone resorption and are divided into two classes according to their chemical structure and mechanism of action: nonnitrogen containing BPS such as etidronate and clodronate that are of low potency and inhibit osteoclast function via metabolism into toxic ATP-metabolites and nitrogen-containing BPS (NBPS), such as...
article 2003
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Broekmans, W.M.R. (author), Vink, A.A. (author), Boelsma, E. (author), Klöpping-Ketelaars, W.A.A. (author), Tijburg, L.B.M. (author), van 't Veer, P. (author), van Poppel, G. (author), Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
Background: Acute effects of UV irradiation include UV-induced erythema. Sunlight plays an important role in the development of skin cancer. Several predictive factors of UV-induced erythema could also be predictive for skin cancer. Objective: Our objective was to quantitatively assess phenotypical and nutritional determinants of sensitivity to...
article 2003
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