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Verhoeckx, K.C.M. (author), Doornbos, R.P. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author), Rodenburg, R.J.T. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)
In this study the anti-inflammatory properties of zilpaterol, a β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist specifically developed as a growth promoter in cattle were investigated. Although zilpaterol has a different structure compared with the β2-AR agonists known to date, it was noted that it was able to bind to both the β2-AR (K i = 1.1 × 10-6) and...
article 2005
document
Caspary, F. (author), Elliott, G. (author), Navé, B.T. (author), Verzaal, P. (author), Rohrbach, M. (author), Das, P.K. (author), Nagelkerken, L. (author), Nieland, J.D. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)
Background: The dogma in psoriasis is that due to pathogen-induced inflammatory responses, an autoreactive immune response is induced that leads to tissue destruction. However, this model might be too simplistic. Literature data suggest that the expression of enzymes crucial for fatty acid oxidation is upregulated in the skin of patients with...
article 2005
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Freudenheim, J.L. (author), Ritz, J. (author), Smith-Warner, S.A. (author), Albanes, D. (author), Bandera, E.V. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), Colditz, G. (author), Feskanich, D. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Harnack, L. (author), Miller, A.B. (author), Rimm, E. (author), Rohan, T.E. (author), Sellers, T.A. (author), Virtamo, J. (author), Willett, W.C. (author), Hunter, D.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)
Background: Although smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, much is unknown about lung cancer etiology, including risk determinants for nonsmokers and modifying factors for smokers. Objective: We hypothesized that alcohol consumption contributes to lung cancer risk. Design: We conducted a pooled analysis using standardized exposure and...
article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Knippels, L.M.J. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author)
The potential allergenicity of newly introduced proteins in genetically engineered foods has become an important safety evaluation issue. However, to evaluate the potential allergenicity and the potency of new proteins in our food, there are still no widely accepted and reliable test systems. The best-known allergy assessment proposal for foods...
article 2005
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Ullmann, U. (author), Haller, J. (author), Bakker, G.C.M. (author), Brink, E.J. (author), Weber, P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)
A number of studies have shown that tea catechins can inhibit intestinal iron absorption, mostly iron in the nonhaem form. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-periods cross-over study examined the degree of inhibition of nonhaem iron absorption by pure crystalline epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The study was designed to show...
article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Verschuur, M. (author), Jong, M.de (author), Felida, L. (author), Maat, M.P.M.de (author), Vos, H.L. (author)
An elevated plasma fibrinogen level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, an understanding of the regulation of fibrinogen expression is important. Inflammation and genetic variation of the fibrinogen beta gene regulate plasma fibrinogen levels, and there are indications that inflammation and genetic variation...
article 2005
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Bruijntjes, J.P. (author), van Benthem, J. (author), van den Berg, J.A.H. (author), Monbaliu, J. (author), Thoolen, B.J.J.M. (author), Beems, R.B. (author), van Kreijl, C.F. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
As part of the international evaluation program coordinated by ILSI/HESI, the potential of DNA repair deficient Xpa-/- mice and the double knockout Xpa-/-.p53+/- mice for short term carcinogenicity assays was evaluated. For comparison also wild-type C57BL/6 mice (WT) were included in these studies. Four test compounds were administered to groups...
article 2004
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice was evaluated under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). A workgroup was formed consisting of four pathologists who conducted extended histopathological evaluation of lymphoid tissues obtained from a subset of NTP toxicology studies,...
article 2004
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Appel, M.J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Bessems, J.G.M. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
The subacute oral and inhalation toxicity of furfural vapour was studied in Fischer 344 rats to investigate whether route-to-route extrapolation could be employed to derive the limit value for inhalation exposure from oral toxicity data. Groups of 5 rats per sex were treated by gavage daily for 28 days at dose levels of 6-192 mg/kg bw/day, or...
article 2004
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Koppelman, S.J. (author), Wensing, M. (author), Ertmann, M. (author), Knulst, A.C. (author), Knol, E.F. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
Background: A number of allergenic proteins in peanut has been described and the relative importance of these allergens is yet to be determined. Objectives: We have investigated the relevance of previously identified peanut allergens in well-characterized peanut-allergic patients by in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays. Methods: Thirty-two adult...
article 2004
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Ploemen, J.P.H.T.M. (author), Kelder, J. (author), Hafmans, T. (author), van de Sandt, H. (author), van Burgsteden, J.A. (author), Salemink, P.J.M. (author), van Esch, E. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
Several cationic amphiphilic compounds are known to induce phospholipidosis, a condition primarily characterized by excessive accumulation of phospholipids in different cell types, giving the affected cells a finely foamy appearance. Excessive storage of lamellar membranous intralysosomal inclusion bodies is the hallmark for phospholipidosis on...
article 2004
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van Helden, H.H.P.M. (author), Vanwersch, R.A.P. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Trap, H.C. (author), Philippens, I.H.C. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)
The main purpose of this pilot study was to estimate the lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) for the electroencephalogram (EEG) upon long-term, low-level exposure of vehicle-pretreated and pyridostigmine-pretreated marmoset monkeys to sarin vapour. This is the C·t value (t = 5 h) of exposure at which the EEG becomes significantly...
article 2004
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Koning, M.W. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
The present study investigated whether airway responses of sensitized rats to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were concentration dependent and whether these were related to irritation by TMA. Groups of BN and Wistar rats were sensitized by two dermal applications of TMA (50% w/v, followed by 25% w/v in vehicle). Controls received vehicle (acetone...
article 2004
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Rijken, D.C. (author), Barrett-Bergshoeff, M.M. (author), Jie, A.F.H. (author), Criscuoli, M. (author), Sakharov, D.V. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)
Amediplase (K2tu-PA) is a hybrid plasminogen activator, consisting of the kringle 2 domain of alteplase and the protease domain of urokinase. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro clot penetration of amediplase in relation to its fibrin binding and to compare the properties with those of alteplase. The clot lysis activity of...
article 2004
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Rennen, M.A.J. (author), Bouwman, T. (author), Wilschut, A. (author), Bessems, J.G.M. (author), de Heer, C. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)
Due to a lack of route-specific toxicity data, the health risks resulting from occupational exposure are frequently assessed by route-to-route (RtR) extrapolation based on oral toxicity data. Insight into the conditions for and the uncertainties connected with the application of RtR extrapolation has not been clearly described in a systematic...
article 2004
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Klaasse, E. (author), de Ligt, R.A.F. (author), Roerink, S.F. (author), Lorenzen, A. (author), Milligan, G. (author), Leurs, R. (author), IJzerman, A.P. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
We studied fusion proteins between the human adenosine A1 receptor and different 351Cys-mutated Gi1 α-subunits (A1-Giα) with respect to two important concepts in receptor pharmacology, i.e. allosteric modulation and constitutive activity/inverse agonism. The aim of our study was twofold. We first analysed whether such fusion products are still...
article 2004
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Smulders, C.J.G.M. (author), Bueters, T.J.H. (author), Vailati, S. (author), van Kleef, R.G.D.M. (author), Vijvergberg, H.P.M. (author)
Chronic and acute exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides may lead to persistent neurological and neurobehavioral effects, which cannot be explained by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition alone. It is suggested that other brain proteins are involved. Effects of commonly used organophosphate pesticides on rat neuronal α4β2 nicotinic...
article 2004
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Jonker, D. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), de Hollander, A.E.M. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
Recent developments in hazard identification and risk assessment of chemical mixtures are reviewed. Empirical, descriptive approaches to study and characterize the toxicity of mixtures have dominated during the past two decades, but an increasing number of mechanistic approaches have made their entry into mixture toxicology. A series of...
article 2004
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van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Trap, H.C. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Oostdijk, J.P. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)
The purpose of this pilot study was to indicate, for low-level exposure of conscious guinea pigs and marmoset monkeys to sarin vapour in air, the lowest-observable-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of sarin for miosis. This is the concentration × time (C·t) value (t = 5 h) of exposure at which miosis becomes significant. The ratio of pupil and iris...
article 2004
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Price, R.J. (author), Scott, M.P. (author), Walters, D.G. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Meredith, C. (author), Lake, B.G. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
The effect of thiabendazole (TB) on some rat hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes has been investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control diet or diets containing 102-5188 ppm TB for 28 days. As a positive control for induction of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, rats were also fed diets containing 1457 and 10,155 ppm butylated...
article 2004
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