Ion-selective optical sensor for continuous on-line monitoring of dialysate sodium during dialysis

Patients with end stage renal disease are dependent on dialysis. In most outpatient centers, the dialysate is prepared with a fixed electrolyte concentration without taking into account the inter-individual differences of essential electrolytes (sodium, potassium and calcium). This one-size fits all approach can lead to acute and chronic...

On-line monitoring of electrolytes in hemodialysis: On the road towards individualizing treatment

Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients depend on dialysis for removal of toxic waste products, fluid overload relief and maintenance of electrolyte balance. Dialysis prolongs millions of lives. To some extent, ESRD has become a manageable disease with a steadily growing dialysis population of increasing average age and associated...

Release of 5-aminosalicylate from an MMX mesalamine tablet during transit through a simulated gastrointestinal tract system

5-Aminosalicylate (5-ASA; mesalamine) is the current first-line treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory condition that most commonly affects the distal part of the colon. MMX™ mesalamine (Lialda™ [US]; Mezavant™ XL [UK and Ireland]; Mezavant™ [elsewhere]; Shire Pharmaceuticals Inc., Wayne, Pa, under license from...

The oral health status of dentate patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis therapy

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on renal replacement therapy with a matched reference population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Forty-two dentate CRF patients - aged 25-52 years old - were matched with a reference group of 808 dentate subjects. METHODS: The...

Intraperitoneal coagulation and fibrinolysis during inflammation: In vivo and in vitro observations

We used continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as a model to study intraperitoneal fibrin turnover during peritonitis. Activation markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis including prothrombin fragment F1+2 (F1+2), thrombin antithrombin III complex (TAT), fibrin monomer (FM), and fibrin degradation products (FbDP) were measured in the peritoneal...

In vitro availability of iron and zinc: Effects of the type, concentration and fractions of digestion products of the protein

An in vitro dialysis method was employed to determine the effect on the Fe and Zn absorption of the type (beef, pork and soyabean) and the amount (10 and 30 g/kg) of protein present. In addition, the effects of low- and high-molecular-weight (LMW and HMW respectively) digestion products were investigated. After in vitro digestion and dialysis a...

A continuous in vitro method for estimation of the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements in foods: application to breads varying in phytic acid content

A continuous in vitro method for the estimation of the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements is presented. This in vitro method is believed to be more representative of in vivo physiological conditions than in vitro methods based on equilibrium dialysis, because dialysable components are continuously removed from the pancreatic...