- document
-
McNally, K. (author), Goede, H.A. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Gorce, J.P. (author), Warren, N. (author)The dermal Advanced REACH Tool (dART) is a tier 2 exposure model for estimating dermal exposure to the hands (mg min-1) for non-volatile liquid and solid-in-liquid products. The dART builds upon the existing ART framework and describes three mass transport processes (deposition (Dhands), direct emission and direct contact (Ehands), and contact...article 2022
- document
-
Franken, R. (author), Turkenburg, J. (author), Kasiotis, K.M. (author), Shandilya, N. (author), Baan, J. (author), Tsakirakis, A.N. (author), Chartzala, I. (author), Anastasiadou, P. (author), Machera, K. (author), Rother, D. (author), Roitzsch, M. (author), Poppek, U. (author), Meyer, J. (author), Schluter, U. (author), Gerritsen-Ebben, R.M. (author), Spaan, S. (author)Dermal exposure is an important exposure route for occupational exposure and risk assessment. A fluorescence method has been developed to quantify occupational dermal exposure based on a visualization technique, using Tinopal SWN as a fluorescent tracer. The method was developed within the framework of a large experimental study, the SysDEA...article 2021
- document
-
Spaan, S. (author), Glass, R. (author), Goede, H. (author), Ruiter, S. (author), Gerritsen-Ebben, R.M. (author)The suitability, availability, and use of protective clothing are critical factors determining the actual dermal exposure (ADE) of operators and workers to pesticides. A realistic assessment of occupational exposure to pesticides requires information about the performance of protective clothing during everyday use. In this study, the performance...article 2020
- document
-
Kasiotis, K.M. (author), Spaan, S. (author), Tsakirakis, A.N. (author), Franken, R. (author), Chartzala, I. (author), Anastasiadou, P. (author), Machera, K. (author), Rother, D. (author), Roitzsch, M. (author), Poppek, U. (author), Lucadei, G. (author), Baumgärtel, A. (author), Schlüter, U. (author), Gerritsen-Ebben, R.M. (author)There is a principal need for more precise methodology with regard to the determination of occupational dermal exposure. The goal of the Systematic analysis of Dermal Exposure to hazardous chemical Agents at the workplace project was therefore to generate scientific knowledge to improve and standardize measurement methods for dermal exposure to...article 2020
- document
-
Franken, R.A. (author), Kasiotis, K.M. (author), Tsakirakis, A.N. (author), Chartzela, I. (author), Anastasiadou, P. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Gerritsen-Ebben, R.M. (author), Spaan, S. (author), Goede, H. (author), Machera, K. (author), Gerritsen-Ebben, R. (author)For many work situations only insufficient exposure data are available to perform proper risk assessment. Because measuring worker exposure can be time consuming and resource intense, the availability of reliable exposure models is important when performing risk assessments. However, the development and improvement of exposure models are...article 2020
- document
-
Goede, H.A. (author), McNally, K. (author), Gorce, J.P. (author), Marquart, H. (author), Warren, N.D. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Schinkel, J. (author)This article describes the development of a mechanistic model for underpinning the dermal Advanced REACH Tool (dART), an extension of the existing ART model and its software platform. It was developed for hand exposure to low volatile liquids (vapour pressure ≤ 10 Pa at 20°C) including solids-in-liquid products. The model is based on an existing...article 2019
- document
-
McNally, K. (author), Gorce, J.P. (author), Goede, H.A. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Warren, N. (author)The dermal Advanced REACH Tool (dART) is a Tier 2 exposure modelling tool currently in development for estimating dermal exposure to the hands (mg min-1) for non-volatile liquid and solids-in-liquid products. The dART builds upon the existing ART framework and describes three mass transport processes [deposition (Dhands), direct emission and...article 2019
- document
-
Reisinger, K. (author), Blatz, V. (author), Brinkmann, J. (author), Downs, T.R. (author), Fischer, A. (author), Henkler, F. (author), Hoffmann, S. (author), Krul, C. (author), Liebsch, M. (author), Luch, A. (author), Pirow, R. (author), Reus, A.A. (author), Schulz, M. (author), Pfuhler, S. (author)Recently revised OECD Testing Guidelines highlight the importance of considering the first site-of-contact when investigating the genotoxic hazard. Thus far, only in vivo approaches are available to address the dermal route of exposure. The 3D Skin Comet and Reconstructed Skin Micronucleus (RSMN) assays intend to close this gap in the in vitro...article 2018
- document
-
Goede, H. (author), de Vries, Y.C. (author), Kuijpers, E. (author), Fransman, W. (author)This review describes an evaluation of the effectiveness of Risk Management Measures (RMM) for nanomaterials in the workplace. Our aim was to review the effectiveness of workplace RMM for nanomaterials and to determine whether established effectiveness values of conventional chemical substances applied for modelling purposes should be adopted or...article 2018
- document
-
Goede, H.A. (author), Ploeg, D. (author), Schinkel, J.M. (author)The development of a dermal exposure model is a challenge because of the complexity of dermal exposure processes on one hand, and the scarcity of good quality and contextually-rich dermal exposure measurements. Dermal exposure modelling is further complicated by the difficulty of measuring dermal exposure due to the lack of standardised methods ...report 2018
- document
-
Marquart, H. (author), Franken, R. (author), Goede, H. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Schinkel, J. (author)The ECETOC TRA model (presently version 3.1) is often used to estimate worker inhalation and dermal exposure in regulatory risk assessment. The dermal model in ECETOC TRA has not yet been validated by comparison with independent measured exposure levels. This was the goal of the present study. Measured exposure levels and relevant contextual...article 2017
- document
-
Clausen, P.A. (author), Spaan, S. (author), Brouwer, D.H. (author), Marquart, H. (author), le Feber, M. (author), Engel, R. (author), Geerts, L. (author), Jensen, K.A. (author), Kofoed-Sørensen, V. (author), Hansen, B. (author), de Brouwere, K. (author)The aim of this work was to identify the key mechanisms governing transport of organic chemical substances from consumer articles to cotton wipes. The results were used to establish a mechanistic model to improve assessment of dermal contact exposure. Four types of PVC flooring, 10 types of textiles and one type of inkjet printed paper were used...article 2016
- document
-
Fransman, W. (author), Kager, H. (author), Meijster, T. (author), Heederik, D. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Portengen, L. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author)Several studies showed that oncology nurses are exposed to antineoplastic drugs via the skin during daily activities. Several antineoplastic drugs (including cyclophosphamide) have been classified as carcinogenic to humans. This study aims to assess the leukemia risk of occupational exposure to cyclophosphamide. Average task frequencies from the...article 2014
- document
-
Terwoert, J. (author)Allergens are substances that may cause a hypersensitivity (allergy) of the immune system. After acquiring this hypersensitivity, further exposure to the same substance may result in allergic skin disease such as allergic contact dermatitis, or allergic airway disease such as allergic rhinitis or asthma. Occupational allergens are present in...other 2014
- document
-
Gorman Ng, M. (author), Semple, S. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Christopher, Y. (author), Northage, C. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Veroughstraete, V. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author)Occupational inadvertent ingestion exposure is ingestion exposure due to contact between the mouth and contaminated hands or objects. Although individuals are typically oblivious to their exposure by this route, it is a potentially significant source of occupational exposure for some substances. Due to the continual flux of saliva through the...article 2012
- document
-
Schaafsma, G. (author), Hertsenberg, A.J. (author), Marquart, J. (author)Within the framework of REACH, an assessment regarding local dermal effects and skin sensitisation should be performed for substances. Quantitative hazard information for these effects is often not available. Furthermore, it is difficult to relate the way in which animals are exposed in dermal toxicity studies directly to dermal exposure in...article 2011
- document
-
Agostini, M. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Vocht, F.D. (author), Joode, B.V.W.D. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objective: To assess dermal exposure to bitumen condensate among road pavers and indoor mastic workers in multiple crews using a semi-quantitative observational method [DeRmal Exposure Assessment Method (DREAM)].Methods: Two skilled observers assessed dermal exposure to bitumen condensate among 85 asphalt workers from 12 crews from nine...article 2011
- document
-
van Duuren-Stuurman, B. (author), Pelzer, J. (author), Moehlmann, C. (author), Berges, M. (author), Bard, D. (author), Wake, D. (author), Mark, D. (author), Jankowska, E. (author), Brouwer, D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Preliminary results of inventories of exposure scenarios for nanomaterials have indicated possible dermal exposure. Within the NANOSH project focused on occupational safety and health aspects of nanotechnology a shortened version of the observational DeRmal Exposure AssessMent (DREAM) method was used as an initial method to assess dermal...article 2010
- document
-
van Wendel de Joode, B. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author), Heederik, D. (author), van Ginkel, K. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)We performed an exploratory study to evaluate 2 self-administered questionnaires assessing hand dermatitis and investigate a possible exposure-response relationship between dermal exposure to semi-synthetic metalworking fluids (SMWF) and dermatitis. In a cross-sectional survey on dermatitis, a symptom-based questionnaire and a picture-based skin...article 2007
- document
-
van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Dellarco, M. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Exposure scenarios form an essential basis for chemical risk assessment reports under the new EU chemicals regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals). In case the dermal route of exposure is predominant, information on both exposure and dermal bioavailability is necessary for a proper risk assessment....article 2007