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Smith, R.L. (author), Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Hall, R.L. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Natural flavour complexes (NFCs) are chemical mixtures obtained by applying physical separation methods to botanical sources. Many NFCs are derived from foods. In the present paper, a 12-step procedure for the safety evaluation of NFCs, 'the naturals paradigm', is discussed. This procedure, which is not intended to be viewed as a rigid check...article 2004
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Brink, M. (author), Weijenberg, M.P. (author), de Goeij, A.F.P.M. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Koedijk, F.D.H. (author), Roemen, G.M.J.M. (author), Lentjes, M.H.F.M. (author), de Bruïne, A.P. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Associations between dietary intake of various fats and specific K-ras mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) were investigated within the framework of The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer (NLCS). After 7.3 years of follow-up and with exclusion of the first 2.3 years, 448 colon and 160 rectal cancer patients and 2948 subcohort members ...article 2004
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Westerhof, B.E. (author), Gisolf, J. (author), Stok, W.J. (author), Wesseling A, K.H. (author), Karemaker, J.M. (author), TNO Biomedical Instrumentation Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Objective: To test a new method (cross-correlation baroreflex sensitivity, xBRS) for the computation of time-domain baroreflex sensitivity on spontaneous blood pressure and heart interval variability using the EUROBAVAR data set. Methods: We applied xBRS to the 42 records in the EUROBAVAR data set, obtained from 21 patients in the lying and...article 2004
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Twisk, J. (author), Proper, K. (author)The most common way to evaluate the effect of an intervention is to compare the intervention and non-intervention groups regarding the change in the outcome variable between baseline and follow-up; however, there are many different ways to define "changes". The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how different definitions of "change" used...article 2004
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Verhoeckx, K.C.M. (author), Bijlsma, S. (author), Jespersen, S. (author), Ramaker, R. (author), Verheij, E.R. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), Rodenburg, R.J.T. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The discovery of new anti-inflammatory drugs is often based on an interaction with a specific target, although other pathways often play a primary or secondary role. Anti-inflammatory drugs can be categorized into classes, based on their mechanism of action. In this article we investigate the possibility to characterize novel anti-inflammatory...article 2004
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van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), van Burgsteden, J.A. (author), Cage, S. (author), Carmichael, P.L. (author), Dick, I. (author), Kenyon, S. (author), Korinth, G. (author), Larese, F. (author), Limasset, J.C. (author), Maas, W.J.M. (author), Montomoli, L. (author), Nielsen, J.B. (author), Payan, J.-P. (author), Robinson, E. (author), Sartorelli, P. (author), Schaller, K.H. (author), Wilkinson, S.C. (author), Williams, F.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)To obtain better insight into the robustness of in vitro percutaneous absorption methodology, the intra- and inter-laboratory variation in this type of study was investigated in 10 European laboratories. To this purpose, the in vitro absorption of three compounds through human skin (9 laboratories) and rat skin (1 laboratory) was determined. The...article 2004
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van Dijk, B.A.C. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Data from the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer were used to investigate the association between anthropometry, energy intake, and physical activity and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer consists of 120,852 men and women aged 55-69 years who completed a self-administered questionnaire...article 2004
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van der Greef, J. (author), Stroobant, P. (author), van der Heijden, R. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Medical systems biology has generated widespread interest because of its bold conception and exciting potential, but the field is still in its infancy. Although there has been tremendous progress achieved recently in generating, integrating and analysing data in the medical and pharmaceutical field, many challenges remain, especially with...article 2004
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van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Trap, H.C. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Oostdijk, J.P. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)The purpose of this pilot study was to indicate, for low-level exposure of conscious guinea pigs and marmoset monkeys to sarin vapour in air, the lowest-observable-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of sarin for miosis. This is the concentration × time (C·t) value (t = 5 h) of exposure at which miosis becomes significant. The ratio of pupil and iris...article 2004
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Dixon, L.B. (author), Balder, H.F. (author), Virtanen, M.J. (author), Rashidkhani, B. (author), Männistö, S. (author), Krogh, V. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), Hartman, A.M. (author), Pietinen, P. (author), Tan, F. (author), Virtamo, J. (author), Wolk, A. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Background: An analysis of dietary patterns or combinations of foods may provide insight regarding the influence of diet on the risk of colon and rectal cancer. Objective: A primary aim of the Dietary Patterns and Cancer (DIETSCAN) Project was to develop and apply a common methodologic approach to study dietary patterns and cancer in 4 European...article 2004
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Alpay, L.L. (author), Toussaint, P.J. (author), Ezendam, N.P.M. (author), Rövekamp, T.A.J.M. (author), Graafmans, W.C. (author), Westendorp, R.G.J. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Elderly users are increasingly becoming active consumers of Internet technologies. Developing websites dedicated to this user group presents several design issues (such as that of 'design for all', participatory design, patient empowerment and cognitive usability assessment methods). SeniorGezond is a health information resource currently under...article 2004
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Perenboom, R.J.M. (author), van Herten, L.M. (author), Boshuizen, H.C. (author), van den Bos, G.A.M. (author)Purpose: To assess trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy, in life expectancy with disabilities according to levels of severity and in Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2000. Method: The disability-free life expectancy, a composite population health status measure, was calculated with data on long-term...article 2004
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van Dommelen, P. (author), de Gunst, M.C.M. (author), van der Vaart, A.W. (author), Boomsma, D.I. (author)Longitudinal height and weight data from 4649 Dutch twin pairs between birth and 2.5 years of age were analyzed. The data were first summarized into parameters of a polynomial of degree 4 by a mixed-effects procedure. Next, the variation and covariation in the parameters of the growth curve (size at one year of age, growth velocity, deceleration...article 2004
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Identification of disease- and nutrient-related metabolic fingerprints in osteoarthritic guinea pigsLamers, R.-J.A.N. (author), de Groot, J. (author), Spies-Faber, E.J. (author), Jellema, R.H. (author), Kraus, V.B. (author), Verzijl, N. (author), te Koppele, J.M. (author), Spijksma, G.K. (author), Vogels, J.T.W.E. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), van Nesselrooij, J.H.J. (author)Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common diseases among the elderly, is characterized by the progressive destruction of joint tissues. Its etiology is largely unclear and no effective disease-modifying treatment is currently available. Metabolic fingerprinting provides a novel tool for the identification of biomarkers. A metabolic fingerprint...article 2003
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van Mispelaar, V.G. (author), Tas, A.C. (author), Smilde, A.K. (author), Schoenmakers, P.J. (author), van Asten, A.C. (author)Quantitative analysis using comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography (GC) is still rarely reported. This is largely due to a lack of suitable software. The objective of the present study is to generate quantitative results from a large GC x GC data set, consisting of 32 chromatograms. In this data set, six target components need to...article 2003
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Engels, Y. (author), Verheijen, N. (author), Fleuren, M. (author), Mokkink, H. (author), Grol, R. (author)Objective: To study the effects of small group continuous quality improvement (CQI) on the clinical practice of midwives in the Netherlands. Design: Randomised pre-/post-test (balanced block). Intervention: The CQI groups were assigned to either the set of peer review topics including 'perineal repair' and 'artificial rupture of the membranes ...article 2003
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Rütten, A. (author), Vuillemin, A. (author), Ooijendijk, W.T.M. (author), Schena, F. (author), Sjöström, M. (author), Stahl, T. (author), Vanden Auweele, Y. (author), Welshman, J. (author), Ziemainz, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to describe the approach and specific findings of the European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) research project. In particular, the analysis presented aims at testing the reliability, comparability and predictive power of different sets of physical activity (PA) indicators. Design:...article 2003
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Smilde, A.K. (author), Westerhuis, J.A. (author), de Jong, S. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)Multiblock or multiset methods are starting to be used in chemistry and biology to study complex data sets. In chemometrics, sequential multiblock methods are popular; that is, methods that calculate one component at a time and use deflation for finding the next component. In this paper a framework is provided for sequential multiblock methods,...article 2003
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- Theunissen, N.C.M. (author), Meulman, J.J. (author), den Ouden, L.A. (author), Koopman, H.M. (author), Verrips, E.G.H.W. (author), Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P. (author), Wit, J.M. (author) article 2003
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Kingma, I. (author), Delleman, N.J. (author), van Dieën, J.H. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)Manual materials handling on a moving platform, like a ship, might be a risk factor for the development of lowback pain due to the in.uence of accelerations on lowback loading. In the current simulation study, 3-D accelerations, measured on a frigate were applied to the kinematics of symmetrical and asymmetrical lifting movements and to a...article 2003