Searched for: subject%3A%22Damp%255C%2Bheat%22
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Kingma, I. (author), Naziris, F. (author), Gersant-Poulain, L. (author), Aninat, R. (author), Bakker, K. (author), Simor, M. (author), Theelen, M. (author)
To increase the bankability of photovoltaics (PV), a more accurate prediction of the lifetime and degradation-rate of PV modules is required. In past studies, average degradation rates for different technologies have been derived from field data. However, in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based PV, localized shunts are commonly found in modules coming out...
article 2023
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de Amorim Soares, G. (author), Carolus, J. (author), Daenen, M. (author), Masolin, A. (author), Birrenbach, T. (author), Gerber, A. (author), Wrigley, A. (author), Henzel, J. (author), Roosen, D. (author), Meuris, M. (author), Theelen, M.J. (author)
A round robin test was carried out in four PV laboratories to compare accelerated lifetime testing. Twenty commercial non-packaged CIGS solar cells of similar performance were spread and exposed to damp heat con-ditions (85 ◦C and 85% RH) for approximately 500 h. Their JV performance was monitored during the damp heat exposure. After the test,...
article 2021
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Theelen, M.J. (author), Hagedoorn, C. (author), Götz-Köhler, M. (author), Weeber, A. (author), Neugebohn, N. (author)
Oxide/metal/oxide (OMO) layer stacks are promising replacements for conventional transparent conductive oxides in thin-film photovoltaics. They can provide colouration of the solar cells by adjusting their thickness to optimised optical resonances. Green OMO multistacks were deposited on glass by subsequent sputtering of aluminium doped zinc...
article 2021
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Theelen, M. (author), Ntinas, V. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Mannetje, H. (author), Vroon, Z. (author)
Aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) films were deposited by sputtering on borosilicate glass (sodium poor) and soda lime glass (sodium rich). These films were exposed up to 1032 hours of damp heat (85 °C/85 % relative humidity) to study the influence of among others the sodium content of the substrate on the ZnO:Al stability. A decrease in...
article 2020
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Theelen, M. (author), Bakker, K. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Roest, S. (author), Hielkema, P. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Haverkamp, E. (author)
The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is determined by, among other factors, the PV module reliability. Better prediction of degradation mechanisms and prevention of module field failure can consequently decrease investment risks as well as increase the electricity yield. An improved knowledge level can for these...
article 2018
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Theelen, M.J. (author), de Graaf, F. (author), Daume, F. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
Degradation rates and mechanisms for molybdenum back contacts and ZnO:Al front contacts exposed to damp heat were obtained from literature and experiments. It was found that molybdenum back contacts with a higher density and covered by a MoSe2 film are more stable than their low density, bare counterparts. For ZnO:Al front contacts various...
conference paper 2018
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Theelen, M. (author), Beyeler, K. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Barreau, N. (author)
Unencapsulated CIGS solar cells were simultaneously exposed to either dry or damp heat combined illumination. In-situ monitoring of their electrical parameters demonstrated a rapid decrease of the efficiency for the solar cells exposed to damp heat plus illumination. This decrease was mainly driven by changes in the shunt resistances, affecting...
article 2017
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Theelen, M. (author), de Amorim Soares, G. (author), Beyeler, K. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Barreau, N. (author)
Unpackaged CIGS solar cells were simultaneously exposed to illumination and either dry heat, damp heat or dry cold followed by thermal cycling. In-situ monitoring of their electrical parameters demonstrated a rapid decrease of the efficiency for the solar cells exposed to damp heat plus illumination. This decrease was mainly driven by changes in...
conference paper 2017
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Theelen, M. (author), Hendrikx, R. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Böttger, A. (author)
Unencapsulated CIGS solar cells were simultaneously exposed to damp heat and illumination. In-situ monitoring of their electrical parameters demonstrated a rapid decrease of the efficiency, mainly driven by changes in the series and shunt resistances. The non-degraded and degraded solar cells were studied by SIMS and XRD to investigate the...
article 2016
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Theelen, M. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Bakker, K. (author), Vink, J. (author), Mortazavi, S. (author), Mulder, A. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Roosen, D. (author), Haverkamp, E. (author)
Two hybrid degradation setups, allowing exposure of solar cells and modules to elevated temperatures and humidity as well as illumination have been built. CIGS solar cells were placed in the degradation setups, allowing real time monitoring of their electrical properties. Under open circuit conditions, the efficiency of alkali-rich CIGS solar...
conference paper 2016
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Theelen, M. (author), de Graaf, F. (author), Daume, F. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Vroon, Z. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
Degradation rates and mechanisms for molybdenum back contacts and ZnO:Al front contacts exposed to damp heat were obtained from literature and experiments. It was found that molybdenum back contacts with a higher density and covered by a MoSe2 film are more stable than their low density, bare counterparts. For ZnO:Al front contacts, various...
conference paper 2016
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Theelen, M. (author), Daume, F. (author)
As Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) technology matures to production on an industrial scale, its long-term stability becomes increasingly important: The electric yield and thus the revenue of a PV system depend on both the initial conversion efficiency as well as its development over time. Increasing this long-term stability by...
article 2016
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Theelen, M. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Hans, V. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Vroon, Z. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
Non-encapsulated CIGS solar cells with different contents of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were simultaneously exposed to damp heat and illumination. The solar cells with higher alkali (Na, K) content exhibited higher initial conversion efficiencies, but degraded severely within 100 hours, while samples with a lower alkali content retained their...
conference paper 2015
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Theelen, M. (author), Hans, V. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Vroon, Z. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
Unencapsulated CIGS solar cells with high and low contents of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were simultaneously exposed to damp heat and illumination. The solar cells with a high alkali (Na, K) content exhibited higher initial conversion efficiencies, but degraded severely within 100-h, while the alkali poor samples kept relatively stable...
article 2015
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Theelen, M. (author), Harel, S. (author), Verschuren, M. (author), Tomassini, M. (author), Hovestad, A. (author), Barreau, N. (author), van Berkum, J. (author), Vroon, Z. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
The degradation behavior of Mo/MoSe2 layers have been investigated using damp heat exposure. The two studied molybdenum based films with different densities and microstructures were obtained by lifting off Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers froma bilayer molybdenum stack on soda lime glass. Hereby, a glass/Mo/MoSe2 was obtained, which resembles the back...
conference paper 2015
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Theelen, M. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Buffiere, M. (author), Brammertz, G. (author), Flammini, M.G. (author), van Vugt, R.J. (author), Vroon, Z. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
A 'hybrid' degradation setup, which allows the use of humidity, temperature and illumination as loads in order to accelerate degradation of solar cells and modules, has been designed and constructed. In this setup, the current voltage output of photovoltaic samples is automatically logged and the electrical parameters are calculated. This allows...
conference paper 2015
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Theelen, M.J. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Daume, F. (author), Steijvers, H.L.A.H. (author), Hans, V.O. (author), Liakopoulou, A. (author), Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
An hybrid degradation setup, in which humidity, temperature and illumination are used in order to accelerate degradation of CIGS, has been developed. This setup consists of a climate chamber, which can vary the temperature and humidity. Furthermore, an area of 80x80 cm2 is illuminated, which allows both the study of light induced behvaior and...
conference paper 2014
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Theelen, M.J. (author), Polman, K.J. (author), Tomassini, M. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Steijvers, H.L.A.H. (author), van Berkum, J. (author), Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
The impact of the molybdenum (Mo) microstructure and selenisation on degradation caused by 105hour exposure to standard 'damp heat' has been investigated. Degradation effects were already observed without magnification after several hours of exposure. The degradation resulted in large volume expansion due to the formation of a thick non...
article 2014
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Theelen, M. (author), Boumans, T. (author), Stegeman, F. (author), Colberts, F. (author), Illiberi, A. (author), van Berkum, J. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Vroon, Z. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
Sputtered aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) layers on borosilicate glass were exposed to damp heat (85 C/85% relative humidity) for 2876 h to accelerate the physical and chemical degradation behavior. The ZnO:Al samples were characterized by electrical, compositional and optical measurements before and after degradation. Hall measurements show...
article 2014
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Theelen, M. (author), Tomassini, M. (author), Steijvers, H. (author), Vroon, Z. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Zeman, M. (author)
A unique method has been developed to in-situ monitor the accelerated degradation in Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells, in which a degradation setup uses humidity, high temperatures and illumination as loads. IV characteristics of the solar cells are collected during the degradation. Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells and minimodules were degraded in the set-up...
conference paper 2013
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