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Wilkinson, S.C. (author), Maas, W.J.M. (author), Nielsen, J.B. (author), Greaves, L.C. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Williams, F.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author)Objectives: To determine the effect of skin thickness on the percutaneous penetration and distribution of test compounds with varying physicochemical properties using in vitro systems. Studies were carried out in accordance with OECD guidelines on skin absorption tests. Methods: Percutaneous penetration of caffeine (log P -0.01), testosterone ...article 2006
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Lopatinskaya, L. (author), Zwemmer, J. (author), Uitdehaag, B. (author), Lucas, K. (author), Polman, C. (author), Nagelkerken, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)TNF-α, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β1, CCR3, CXCR3, CCR5, Fas and FasL mRNA levels in PBMC of 25 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were quantified at baseline by real-time PCR according to a post-hoc study design. The baseline values of the different markers were analysed with respect to their correlation with the increase in disability...article 2006
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Weenink, X.O. (author), Punt, P.J. (author), van den Hondel, C.A.M.J.J. (author), Ram, A.F.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Although filamentous fungi have a unique property of secreting a large amount of homologous extracellular proteins, the use of filamentous fungi as hosts for the production of heterologous proteins is limited because of the low production levels that are generally reached. Here, we report a general screening method for the isolation of mutants...article 2006
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Kubben, F.J.G.M. (author), Sier, C.F.M. (author), van Duijn, W. (author), Griffioen, G. (author), Hanemaaijer, R. (author), van de Velde, C.J.H. (author), van Krieken, J.H.J.M. (author), Lamers, C.B.H.W. (author), Verspaget, H.W. (author)In a pioneer study, we showed 10 years ago that enhanced tissue levels of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9 in gastric cancers, as determined by zymography, were related with worse overall survival of the patients. To corroborate these observations, we now assessed MMP-2 and MMP-9 with new techniques in an expanded group of...article 2006
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Rieckmann, P. (author), Kruse, N. (author), Nagelkerken, L. (author), Beckmann, K. (author), Miller, D. (author), Polman, C. (author), Dahlke, F. (author), Toyka, K.V. (author), Hartung, H.P. (author), Stürzebecher, S. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Background: Subcutaneous IFNβ-1b (Betaferon®) is an established immunomodulatory treatment for relapsing remitting MS and active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). It modulates cytokine and adhesion molecule expression but long term in vivo effects of IFNβ-1b on the immune system are not known in multiple sclerosis. Objective: To...article 2005
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van den Elzen, A.P. (author), Sierksma, A. (author), Oren, A. (author), Vos, L.E. (author), Witteman, J.C. (author), Grobbee, D.E. (author), Hendriks, H.F. (author), Uiterwaal, C.S. (author), Bots, M.L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease. Aortic stiffness can be regarded as a marker of cardiovascular disease risk. Previously we have shown an inverse to J-shaped association between alcohol intake and aortic stiffness in middle-aged and elderly men and postmenopausal women. Objective:...article 2005
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Detmar, S.B. (author), Hosli, E.J. (author), Chorus, A.M.J. (author), van Beekum, T. (author), Vogels, T. (author), Mourad-Baars, P.E.C. (author), Engelberts, A.C. (author), Groothuis - Oudshoorn, C.G.M. (author), Verrips, G.H.W. (author)Introduction: This paper describes the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Handicap Scale for Children (HSC). This questionnaire is based on the London Handicap Scale (LHS), a valid and reliable utility instrument for measuring social participation in adults. Methods: A multidisciplinary research group was involved in...article 2005
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Lamers, R.J.A.N. (author), van Nesselrooij, J.H.J. (author), Kraus, V.B. (author), Jordan, J.M. (author), Renner, J.B. (author), Dragomir, A.D. (author), Luta, G. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), de Groot, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases among the elderly. The main characteristic is the progressive destruction of articular cartilage. We lack quantitative and sensitive biomarkers for OA to detect changes in the joints in an early stage of the disease. In this study, we investigated whether a urinary metabolite...article 2005
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- Walton, P. (author), Preller, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2005
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Fredriks, A.M. (author), van Buuren, S. (author), Fekkes, M. (author), Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P. (author), Wit, J.M. (author)The aim of this study was to present age references for waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist/hip ratio (WHR) in Dutch children. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 14,500 children of Dutch origin in the age range 0-21 years. National references were constructed with the LMS method. This method summarises the...article 2005
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van Rhenen, W. (author), Blonk, R.W.B. (author), van der Klink, J.J. (author), van Dijk, F.J. (author), Schaufeli, W.B. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: To investigate the short-term and long-term effectiveness of two, brief, preventive, work stress management programmes. One programme was a cognition-focused programme, the other was a newly developed intervention in which physical exercise and relaxation were combined. It was hypothesised that the newly developed intervention would...article 2005
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Verheijden, M.W. (author), Bakx, J.C. (author), van Weel, C. (author), Koelen, M.A. (author), van Staveren, W.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Social support is important to achieve beneficial changes in risk factors for disease, such as overweight and obesity. This paper presents the theoretical and practical framework for social support, and the mechanisms by which social support affects body weight. The theoretical and practical framework is supported with a literature review...article 2005
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TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author), van den Boom, R. (author), van der Harst, M.R. (author), Brommer, H. (author), Brama, P.A.J. (author), Barneveld, A. (author), van Weeren, P.R. (author), de Groot, J. (author)Reasons for performing study: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent and disabling chronic conditions affecting horses and leads to degeneration of articular cartilage. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs in combination with radiography, which is relatively insensitive and provides only an indication of accumulated damage. Alternative...article 2005
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice was evaluated under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). A workgroup was formed consisting of four pathologists who conducted extended histopathological evaluation of lymphoid tissues obtained from a subset of NTP toxicology studies,...article 2004
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Sierksma, A. (author), Sarkola, T. (author), Eriksson, C.J.P. (author), van der Gaag, M.S. (author), Grobbee, D.E. (author), Hendriks, H.F.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Background: Moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Changes in hormone levels might in part help explain the positive health effect. This study was performed to examine the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), testosterone, and estradiol levels....article 2004
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Preller, L. (author), Burstyn, I. (author), de Pater, N. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Objectives: To determine which exposure metrics are sufficient to characterize 'peak' inhalation exposure to organic solvents (OS) during spraying operations. Methods: Personal exposure measurements (n = 27; duration 5-159 min) were collected during application of paints, primers, resins and glues in 15 companies. A MiniRAE Photolonization...article 2004
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Smith, R.L. (author), Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Hall, R.L. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Natural flavour complexes (NFCs) are chemical mixtures obtained by applying physical separation methods to botanical sources. Many NFCs are derived from foods. In the present paper, a 12-step procedure for the safety evaluation of NFCs, 'the naturals paradigm', is discussed. This procedure, which is not intended to be viewed as a rigid check...article 2004
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Guimarães, A.H.C. (author), van Tilburg, N.H. (author), Vos, H.L. (author), Bertina, R.M. (author), Rijken, D.C. (author)Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen levels exhibit a large interindividual variability in which genetic control seems to play a major role. However, recent reports have questioned the association between TAFI concentration and genotype, suggesting that variable antibody reactivity towards TAFI isoforms, particularly the...article 2004
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Davidov, E. (author), Clish, C.B. (author), Oresic, M. (author), Meys, M. (author), Stochaj, W. (author), Snell, P. (author), Lavine, G. (author), Londo, T.R. (author), Adourian, A. (author), Zhang, X. (author), Johnston, M. (author), Morel, N. (author), Marple, E.W. (author), Plasterer, T.N. (author), Neumann, E. (author), Verheij, E. (author), Vogels, J.T.W.E. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), Naylor, S. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Multitiered quantitative analysis of biological systems is rapidly becoming the desired approach to study hierarchical functional interactions between proteins and metabolites. We describe here a novel systematic approach to analyze organisms with complex metabolic regulatory networks. By using precise analytical methods to measure biochemical...article 2004
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van der Harst, M.R. (author), Brama, P.A.J. (author), van de Lest, C.H.A. (author), Kiers, G.H. (author), de Groot, J. (author), van Weeren, P.R. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objective: In articular joints, the forces generated by locomotion are absorbed by the whole of cartilage, subchondral bone and underlying trabecular bone. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that regional differences in joint loading are related to clear and interrelated differences in the composition of the extracellular...article 2004