Long-term cognitive deficits accompanied by reduced neurogenesis after soman poisoning

To date, treatment of organophosphate (OP) poisoning shows several shortcomings, and OP-victims might suffer from lasting cognitive deficits and sleep–wake disturbances. In the present study, long-term effects of soman poisoning on learning ability, memory and neurogenesis were investigated in rats, treated with the anticholinergic atropine and...

Effect of satiety on brain activation during chocolate tasting in men and women

Background: The brain plays a crucial role in the decision to eat, integrating multiple hormonal and neural signals. A key factor controlling food intake is selective satiety, ie, the phenomenon that the motivation to eat more of a food decreases more than does the motivation to eat foods not eaten. Objective: We investigated the effect of...

Neuroprotective effects of modafinil in a marmoset Parkinson model: Behavioral and neurochemical aspects

The vigilance-enhancing agent modafinil has neuroprotective properties: it prevents striatal ischemic injury, nigrostriatal pathway deterioration after partial transsection and intoxication with 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. The present study determines the protective effects of modafinil in the marmoset 1-methyl-1,2,3,6...

Cyclopentyladenosine and some of its low-efficacy derivatives inhibit striatal synaptosomal release of acetylcholine to a similar degree

The application of adenosine A1 receptor agonists in regard to cerebral disorders is hampered by serious cardiovascular side effects. This problem might be circumvented by using low-efficacy agonists (partial agonists). The objective of the present study was to characterize the effects of the full agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and its...

Low efficacy adenosine A1 agonists inhibit striatal acetylcholine release in rats improving central selectivity of action

The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and its low efficacy derivatives 2′-deoxy-CPA (2DCPA), 3′-deoxy-CPA (3DCPA), 8-ethylamino-CPA (8ECPA) and 8-butylamino-CPA (8BCPA) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) using intrastriatal microdialysis. These low...

Therapeutic efficacy of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) against organophosphate intoxication

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether reduction of central acetylcholine (ACh) accumulation by adenosine receptor agonists could serve as a generic treatment against organophosphate (OP) poisoning. The OPs studied were tabun (O-ethyl-N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate), sarin (isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate), VX (O...

Persistent alterations in regional brain glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptophysin levels following pre- and postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure

Pregnant Wistar WU rats were exposed to 0, 5, and 25 mg of the commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1254 per kilogram of body weight on Days 10 to 16 of gestation. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on Gestation Day 20 to observe effects on fetal body and brain weights. Male and female offspring were sacrificed on Postnatal Days...

Axonal transport of manganese and its relevance to selective neurotoxicity in the rat basal ganglia

The present study provides evidence for anterograde axonal transport of managanese (Mn) in the basal ganglia. Microinjections of 54Mn into rat substantia nigra or stratum revealed region-specific accumulation and retention of the isotope in globus pallidus, striatum, thalamus and substantia nigra for up to a least 48 or 72 h respectively. Within...

Selective lesions by manganese and extensive damage by iron after local injection into rat striatum or hippocampus

Regional 45Ca2+ accumulation and analysis of monoamines and metabolites in dissected tissues were used to localize, quantify, and characterize brain damage after intracerebral injections of Mn2+ into striatum and hippocampus. The specificity of Mn2+-induced lesions is described in relation to brain damage produced by local Fe2+ or 6-...

Long-term changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein and calcium levels in rat hippocampus after a single systemic dose of kainic acid

Chemicals/CAS: calcium, 7440-70-2; kainic acid, 487-79-6; Biological Markers; Calcium, 7440-70-2; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Kainic Acid, 487-79-6; Neurotoxins