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Mertens, B.M. (author), van der Zwan, B. (author), de Jager, P.W.H. (author), Leenders, M. (author), Werij, H.G.C. (author), Benschop, J.P.H. (author), van Dijsseldonk, A.J.J. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Contamination of optics and mask is one of the possible show stoppers for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography. One of the important sources of hydrocarbon contamination is the outgassing of photoresist coated wafers. Due to the vacuum conditions, these hydrocarbons can freely travel to coat the first optical component they encounter. This leads to...article 2000
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Mayer, P. (author), Vaes, W.H.J. (author), Wijnker, F. (author), Legierse, K.C.H.M. (author), Kraaij, R.H. (author), Tolls, J. (author), Hermens, J.L.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Polymer coated glass fibers were applied as disposable samplers to measure dissolved concentrations of persistent and bioaccumulative pollutants (PBPs) in sediment porewater. The method is called matrix solid-phase microextraction (matrix-SPME), because it utilizes the entire sediment matrix as a reservoir for an equilibrium extraction: A glass...article 2000
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Huis in 't Veld, A.J. (author), Slot, H.M. (author), Carvalho, N.J.M. (author), de Hosson, J.Th.M. (author)Chemicals / CAS carbon, 7440-44-0; steel, 12597-69-2article 2000
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van Nijnatten, P.A. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Solar and visual light transmittance, colour appearance and other optical properties of glazing, are according to present standards specified for (near-) normal incidence. In general however, these properties are angular dependent. Realistic computation of visual light and solar energy properties therefore requires the angular behaviour to be...article 1999
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van der Wel, G.K. (author), Adan, O.C.G. (author), Bancken, E.L.J. (author), TNO Bouw (author)Fungal growth in indoor environments is always related to factors involving moisture. Many fungal problems occur in averagely dry places where dampness is only produced over short periods of time, like bathrooms. Porous finishing materials such as gypsum plaster may retain moisture over long periods of time, resulting in increased risks of...article 1999
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van der Wel, G.K. (author), Adan, O.C.G. (author), TNO Bouw (author)A review is given on transport and equilibrium sorption of moisture in polymer films and organic coatings. Polymeric material forms the continuous phase of a coating and is therefore important for transport properties. Besides polymer, coatings consist of pigments and fillers and various additives, each of them affecting moisture transport....article 1999
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Polder, R.B. (author), Nerland, O.C. (author), TNO Bouw (author)An experimental study of cathodic protection (CP) was carried out with a conductive primer anode applied to specimens from a concrete bridge. The bridge was demolished after 30 years of service due to severe delaminations and reinforcement corrosion. Four specimens of approximately 1 m2 each were made and characterised by steel potential,...conference paper 1998
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Vreijling, M.P.W. (author), Hofman, R. (author), van Westing, E.P.M. (author), Ferrari, G.M. (author), de Wit, J.H.W. (author), TNO Industrie (author)Metal spray coatings are ever more recognised as a possible superior means of corrosion protection in many environments. Extended service life combined with little or no maintenance provides interesting opportunities for both environmentalists and corrosion engineers. Although many successful applications of corrosion protection using thermal...article 1998
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Carvalho, N.J.M. (author), Huis in 't Veld, A.J. (author), de Hosson, J.T. (author), TNO Industrie (author)Titanium-nitrogen (TiN) films were Physical Vapour Deposited (PVD) on tool steel substrates with different hardness and surface roughness, in a Bai 640R unit using a triode ion plating (e-gun) with a high plasma density. The coated substrates were submitted to a rolling contact fatigue test technique (modified pin-on-ring test) to obtain some...article 1998
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Hofman, R. (author), Vreijling, M.P.W. (author), Ferrari, G.M. (author), de Wit, J.H.W. (author), TNO Industrie (author)The use of thermal spray stainless steel coatings for protection of low alloyed steels against different types of corrosion is limited due to high porosity levels and oxide inclusions. In this paper electrochemical methods like corrosion potential monitoring and cyclic voltammetry are reported to monitor the corrosion resistance of thermal spray...article 1998
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van Westing, E.P.M. (author), van der Weijde, D.H. (author), Vreijling, M.P.W. (author), Ferrari, G.M. (author), de Wit, J.H.W. (author), TNO Industrie (author)This chapter shows the application results of a novel approach to quantify the ageing of organic coatings using impedance measurements. The ageing quantification is based on the typical impedance behaviour of barrier coatings in immersion. This immersion behaviour is used to determine the limiting case for the interpretation of results on...bookPart 1998
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van Westing, E.P.M. (author), van der Weijde, D.H. (author), Bonincontro, S. (author), Vreijling, M.P.W. (author), Ferrari, G.M. (author), de Wit, J.H.W. (author), TNO Industrie (author)The use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in coatings research is widespread. The information obtained by this technique is often limited, which is the result of too high expectations and inadequate analysis and interpretation. Analysis of the dielectric properties of organic coatings using a Constant Phase Element (CPE) in the...article 1998
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Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author), Spee, C.I.M.A. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)The preparation of vanadium and tungsten oxide coatings is described using vanadium oxide tri-2-propoxide/2-propanol and tungsten penta-ethoxide/2-propanol solutions. These solutions are dip coated onto K-glass substrates and cured. For vanadium oxide coatings it is shown that sol-gel/dip coat processing is a feasible production technology for...article 1997
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Nieuwenhuizen, M.S. (author), Harteveld, J.L.N. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)As a follow-up of previous work on a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor for nerve agents, irreversible response effects have been studied in more detail. Surface analytical studies indicated that degradation products are responsible for the effects observed. In addition it was tried to explore these effects for the development of a nerve agent...article 1997
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de Vries, J. (author), Polder, R.B. (author), TNO Bouw (author)As part of the maintenance policy of the dutch Ministry of Transport, Civil Engineering Division, hydrophobic treatment of concrete was considered as an additional protective measure against penetration of aggressive substances, for instance deicing salts in bridge decks. A set of tests was designed to determine the performance of commercial...article 1997
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Vink, P. (author), Bots, T.L. (author), TNO Industrie (author)Research was carried out aimed at the development of self-stratifying paints for steel which after application during film formation spontaneously form two well established layers of primer and top coat. The parameters affecting stratification were investigated for combinations of epoxy resins and physically drying binders. Incompatibility of...article 1996
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van der Weijde, D.H. (author), van Westing, E.P.M. (author), de Wit, J.H.W. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Materiaal Onderzoek TNO (author)Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been described by several authors as a technique to measure delamination of organic coatings. The interpretation of EIS data can be performed in several ways. In this paper two methods are critically compared. These two methods are the breakpoint frequency method (BF) as described and used by...article 1994
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TNO Industrie en Techniek (author), A. Nijnatten, Peter (author)Directional emittance plays an important role in the calculation of radiative heat exchange. It partly determines the thermal insulation of single and multiple glazing and the efficiency of solar collectors. An emissiometer has been designed and built, capable for measurements of the directional emittance at angles up to 85°. The emissiometer...conference paper 1992
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Gezondheidsorganisatie TNO Commissie voor landelijk epilepsie-onderzoek TNO (author), Schrama, L.H. (author), de Graan, P.N.E. (author), Zwiers, H. (author), Gispen, W.H. (author)Abstract: In the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation a short tetanus induces long-term potentiation (LTP) and an inerease in the post hoc phosphorylation of a 52-kDa protein in synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) prepared from these slices. This 52-kDa SPM phosphoprotein closely resembles the predominant phosphoprotein in coated vesicles,...article 1986