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Lubelli, B.A. (author), des Bouvrie, E. (author), Nijland, T.G. (author), Kamat, A. (author)Salt crystallization is a major cause of weathering of mortars, including plasters and renders. In the last decade, the use of mixed-in salt crystallization inhibitors in mortars has been proposed as a solution to improve the durability of this material with respect to salt decay. Laboratory characterization and accelerated weathering tests have...article 2023
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Krishnan, S. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author), Pronk, A. (author), Gyori, B.M. (author), Bachman, J.A. (author), Vlaanderen, J. (author), Stierum, R. (author)BACKGROUND: Mechanistic data is increasingly used in hazard identification of chemicals. However, the volume of data is large, challenging the efficient identification and clustering of relevant data. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether evidence identification for hazard assessment can become more efficient and informed through an automated...article 2022
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van Zomeren, A. (author), Koper, R. (author), Dijkstra, J.J. (author), Comans, R.N.J. (author)Analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is widely used to quantify the sum of organic carbon species in water. Analyzers based on wet chemical oxidation (WCO) usually have a relatively low detection limit (±1 μg of C/L) and are, therefore, well suited for analyses of DOC in environmental samples (e.g., surface water, groundwater, or seawater)...article 2021
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Kentrop, J. (author), Savransky, V. (author), Klaassen, S.D. (author), van Groningen, T. (author), Bohnert, S. (author), Cornelissen, A.S. (author), Cochrane, L. (author), Barry, J. (author), Joosen, M.J.A. (author)Nerve agent exposure is generally treated by an antidote formulation composed of a muscarinic antagonist, atropine sulfate (ATR), and a reactivator of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) such as pralidoxime, obidoxime (OBI), methoxime, trimedoxime or HI-6 and an anticonvulsant. Organophosphates (OPs) irreversibly inhibit AChE, the enzyme responsible for...article 2021
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Octaviano, R. (author), Hornstra, E. (author), Poort, J.P. (author), Shoeibi Omrani, P.S. (author), van der Linden, R.J.P. (author), Slot, H.J. (author), Dechelette, B. (author)Due to natural depletion many mature fields are currently suffering from productivity issues due to halite precipitation in the North Sea. Main actions to prevent or solve this type of scaling issues include increasing flowing pressures (topside choking or velocity strings), but often considered easiest and most economical are fresh water washes...conference paper 2020
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Granneman, S.J. (author), Lubelli, B.A. (author), van Hees, R.P.J. (author)Weathering of porous building materials caused by the crystallization of soluble salts is a ubiquitous problem in the built cultural heritage. Especially lime-based mortars are susceptible to salt decay, due to both their bimodal pore size distribution and low mechanical strength. The addition of crystallization modifiers to mortars during...article 2019
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Gaeini, M. (author), Rouws, A.L. (author), Salari, J.W.O. (author), Zondag, H.A. (author), Rindt, C.C.M. (author)Thermochemical heat storage in salt hydrates is a promising method to improve the solar fraction in the built environment. The major concern at this stage is liquefaction followed by washing out of active material and agglomeration into large chunks of salt, thus deteriorating the diffusive properties of the porous salt hydrate structure. In...article 2018
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Visser, J.H.M. (author)The lack of resistance models to determine the penetration of airborne chlorides into the concrete makes service-life prediction hardly possible for concrete structures exposed to chlorides, something badly needed as airborne chlorides can lead to severe bar corrosion even at 10 km (6 miles) from the sea. Predicting chloride penetration...conference paper 2018
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Simone, G. (author), di carlo Rasi, D. (author), de Vries, X. (author), Heintges, G.H.L. (author), Meskers, S.C.J. (author), Janssen, R.A.J. (author), Gelinck, G.H. (author)Photovoltaic retinal prostheses show great potential to restore sight in patients suffering from degenerative eye diseases by electrical stimulation of the surviving neurons in the retinal network. Herein, organic photodiodes (OPDs) sensitive to near-infrared (NIR) light are evaluated as photovoltaic pixels for future application in retinal...article 2018
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Reisinger, K. (author), Blatz, V. (author), Brinkmann, J. (author), Downs, T.R. (author), Fischer, A. (author), Henkler, F. (author), Hoffmann, S. (author), Krul, C. (author), Liebsch, M. (author), Luch, A. (author), Pirow, R. (author), Reus, A.A. (author), Schulz, M. (author), Pfuhler, S. (author)Recently revised OECD Testing Guidelines highlight the importance of considering the first site-of-contact when investigating the genotoxic hazard. Thus far, only in vivo approaches are available to address the dermal route of exposure. The 3D Skin Comet and Reconstructed Skin Micronucleus (RSMN) assays intend to close this gap in the in vitro...article 2018
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Polder, R.B. (author), van Put, M. (author), Peelen, W.H.A. (author)Testing for the chloride threshold (also called critical chloride content) for corrosion initiation of steel in concrete has been found difficult and, at best, time consuming. Nevertheless, the chloride threshold is an important parameter in service life design of new structures and for evaluation of the remaining service life of existing...conference paper 2017
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Yang, Z. (author), Polder, R. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author), Andrade, C. (author)Two modified Mg-Al hydrotalcites (MHTs), (MHT-pAB and MHT-NO2) were incorporated into mortar (with different w/c ratios) in two different ways: (1) as one of the mixing components in bulk mortar; (2) as part of cement paste coating of the reinforcing steel. Accelerated chloride migration, cyclic wetting-drying and diffusion tests were performed...article 2017
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van Breugel, K. (author), Polder, R.B. (author), de Rooij, M.R. (author)For many concrete infrastructural works a service life of 80, 100 or 200 years is required. To convince owners and authorities that these requirements can be met probability-based models for service life predictions have been developed. These models are based on theoretical and experimental laboratory studies. Many of these models focus on the...conference paper 2017
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Holthuizen, P.E. (author), Çopuroglu, O. (author), Polder, R.B. (author)In the Netherlands civil engineering structures, such as overpasses, bridges and tunnels are generally built using blast furnace slag cement (BFSC, CEM III/B) concrete, because of its high resistance against chloride penetration. Although the Dutch experience regarding durability performance of BFSC concrete has been remarkably good, its...conference paper 2017
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Yang, Z. (author), Polder, R. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)Owing to the unique molecular structure and high ion exchange capacity, hydrotalcites are believed to have a potential to be modified and tailor-made as an active corrosion protective component of reinforced concrete. In this paper, two types of modified hydrotalcites (MHT-pAB and MHT-NO2) were tested both in alkaline solution and mortar for...article 2017
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Pacheco, J. (author), Polder, R.B. (author)Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion is the predominant degradation mechanismarticle 2016
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- de Waal, J.A. (author), Muntendam-Bos, A.G. (author), van Thienen-Visser, K. (author) conference paper 2016
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Polder, R.B. (author), de Rooij, M.R. (author), Larsen, C.K. (author), Pedersen, B. (author)Blast furnace slag cement (BFSC) has been used in reinforced concrete structures in marine and road environment in The Netherlands for nearly a century. Experience is good and long service lives can be obtained. In Norway experience with BFSC is scarce. In The Netherlands, a high resistance against chloride penetration and a high electrical...conference paper 2016
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Yang, Z. (author), Fischer, H. (author), Cerezo, J. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author), Polder, R. (author)Six MgAl hydrotalcites (Mg/Al = 2 and 3) were synthesized through the modification of two carbonate hydrotalcites (i.e., Mg(2)AlCO3 and Mg(3)AlCO3) by two amino acids (11aminoundecanoic acid and paminobenzoic acid) and sodium nitrite. They were characterized by means of XRD, FTIR, TG/DSC, and elemental analysis. The ion exchange of the...article 2016
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Yang, Z. (author), Fischer, H. (author), Polder, R.B. (author)In this paper, two types of modified hydrotalcites (MHT) were incorporated into cement mortars with two dosage levels (replacing 5% and 10% cement by mass). Designated testing programme including strength test, porosity test, and rapid chloride migration and diffusion test were employed to investigate the effect of modified hydrotalcites on...article 2015