Searched for: subject%3A%22Chemical%255C%2Bwarfare%255C%2Bagents%22
(1 - 20 of 41)
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de Bruin-Hoegée, J.M. (author), Lamriti, L. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Olivier, R.C.M. (author), Chau, L.F. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Noort, D. (author), van Asten, A.C. (author)The continuing threats of military conflicts and terrorism may involve the misuse of chemical weapons. The present study aims to use environmental samples to find evidence of the release of such agents at an incident scene. A novel approach was developed for identifying protein adducts in plants. Basil (Ocimum basilicum), bay laurel leaf (Laurus...article 2023
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Holmgren, K.H. (author), Hakulinen, H. (author), Norlin, R. (author), de Bruin-Hoegée, J.M. (author), Spiandore, M. (author), See, S.Q.S. (author), Webster, R. (author), Jacques, K.L. (author), Mauravaara, L. (author), Ang, L.H. (author), Evans, C.P. (author), Ovenden, S. (author), Noort, D. (author), Delaporte, G. (author), Dahlén, J. (author), Fraga, C.G. (author), Vanninen, P. (author), Åstot, C. (author)An interlaboratory evaluation of a chemical profiling method for a nerve agent precursor was performed by eight chemical analytical laboratories with a wide global distribution. A set of chemical attribution signatures (i.e. impurities) present in methylphosphonic dichloride (DC) were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The...article 2023
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- Durán Jiménez, D. (author), de Bruin-Hoegee, J.M. (author), Alkema, D.P.W. (author), Noort, D. (author), Busker, R.W. (author), van Wuijckhuijse, A.L. (author) conference paper 2022
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Hemme, M. (author), Fidder, A. (author), van der Riet-van Oeveren, D. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Noort, D. (author)The primary aim of this study was to identify biomarkers of exposure to some so-called Schedule 1 sulfur mustard (HD) analogues, in order to facilitate and expedite their retrospective analysis in case of alleged use of such compounds. Since these HD analogues can be regarded as model compounds for possible impurities of HD formed during...article 2021
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Gorzkowska-Sobas, A.A. (author), Blindheim Lausund, K. (author), de Koning, M.C. (author), Petrovic, V. (author), Chavan, S.M. (author), Smith, M.W. (author), Nilsen, O. (author)Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous organic-inorganic solids extensively explored for numerous applications owing to their catalytic activity and high surface area. In this work MOF thin films deposited in a one-step, molecular layer deposition (MLD), an all-gas-phase process, on glass wool fibers are characterized by X-ray...article 2021
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van der Schans, M.J. (author)Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are the most toxic compounds that have ever been produced. In order to develop medical countermeasures against the effects of these agents, analytical procedures to analyze these agents in their intact form in biological matrices are essential for a better understanding of the toxicological process. Although the...bookPart 2020
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Hom, M.L. (author), van Noort-Risseeuw, A.M. (author)De verschrikkingen van de Tweede Wereldoorlog maakten duidelijk dat internationale samenwerking noodzakelijk was om een nieuw strijdmiddel te voorkomen. Al in 1945 tekenden tientallen staten het Handvest van de Verenigde Naties (VN), waarmee zij instemden om voortaan gezamenlijk naar duurzame vrede te streven. De kort daarna uitgebroken Koude...article 2019
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de Koning, M.C. (author), Horn, G. (author), van Grol, M. (author)Organophosphorous (OP) compounds (such as nerve agents) inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by covalent phosphylation of a key serine residue in the active site of the enzyme resulting in severe symptoms and ultimately death. OP intoxications are currently treated by administration of certain oxime compounds. The presently fielded...conference paper 2018
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van der Meer, J.A. (author), Trap, H.C. (author), Noort, D. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Recently, several methods have been developed to verify exposure to nerve agents. Most of these methods, such as the fluoride reactivation technique and the analysis of inhibited phosphonylated butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), are based on mass spectrometry. The high specificity of the mass spectrometer might also imply a disadvantage, because the...article 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Noort, D. (author)The perceived threat of the use of nerve agents by terrorists against civilian targets implies the need for methods for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis. This review presents an overview of methods that are currently available for the assessment of exposure to nerve agents. Since these methods are mostly MS based, they require complex and expensive...article 2009
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Bikker, F.J. (author), Mars-Groenendijk, R.H. (author), Noort, D. (author), Fidder, A. (author), van der Schans, G.P. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)As part of a research program to develop novel methods for diagnosis of sulfur mustard exposure in the human skin the suitability of phage display was explored. Phage display is a relative new method that enables researchers to quickly evaluate a huge range of potentially useful antibodies, thereby bypassing the more costly and time-consuming...article 2007
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Sweeney, R.E. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Maxwell, D.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB/PK) model has been developed in advanced computer simulation language (ACSL) to describe blood and tissue concentration-time profiles of the C(±)P(-) stereoisomers of soman after inhalation, subcutaneous and intravenous exposures at low (0.8-1.0 × LD50), medium (2-3 × LD50) and high (6 × LD50) levels...article 2006
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Philippens, I.H.C.H.M. (author), Joosen, M.J.A. (author), Vanwersch, R.A.P. (author)During military operations, soldiers may be exposed to mixtures of chemicals and to physical, emotional and psychological stress factors, which all may influence efficacy of any treatment, including the nerve agent pretreatment regimen. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of chronic intermittent, variable,...article 2005
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Degenhardt, C.E.A.M. (author), Pleijsier, K. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Preston, K.E. (author), Solano, M.I. (author), Maggio, V.L. (author), Barr, J.R. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)One of the most appropriate biomarkers for the verification of organophosphorus nerve agent exposure is the conjugate of the nerve agent to butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The phosphyl moiety of the nerve agent can be released from the BuChE enzyme by incubation with fluoride ions, after which the resulting organophosphonofluoridate can be...article 2004
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van Helden, H.H.P.M. (author), Vanwersch, R.A.P. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Trap, H.C. (author), Philippens, I.H.C. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)The main purpose of this pilot study was to estimate the lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) for the electroencephalogram (EEG) upon long-term, low-level exposure of vehicle-pretreated and pyridostigmine-pretreated marmoset monkeys to sarin vapour. This is the C·t value (t = 5 h) of exposure at which the EEG becomes significantly...article 2004
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van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Trap, H.C. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Oostdijk, J.P. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)The purpose of this pilot study was to indicate, for low-level exposure of conscious guinea pigs and marmoset monkeys to sarin vapour in air, the lowest-observable-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of sarin for miosis. This is the concentration × time (C·t) value (t = 5 h) of exposure at which miosis becomes significant. The ratio of pupil and iris...article 2004
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van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Diemel, R.V. (author)The purpose of the present study was to investigate: (1) the acute effects of sulfur mustard on airway, lung, and surface tension of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALfluid) in guinea pigs following intratracheal (i.t.) exposure to 1LD50 of an aerosolized solution of sulfur mustard in saline, and (2) the therapeutic efficacy of i.t....article 2004
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Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Polhuijs, M. (author), van Dijk, C. (author), Degenhardt, C.E.A.M. (author), Pleijsier, K. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)The utility was explored of a new approach to detect retrospectively exposure to nerve agents by means of conversion of the inhibitor moiety bound to the active site of the enzyme BuChE in plasma with fluoride ions into a phosphofluoridate which is subsequently analyzed by means of gas chromatography (GC). This quantifies ≥0.01% inhibition of...article 2004
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Bajgar, J. (author), Ševelová, L. (author), Krejčová, G. (author), Fusek, J. (author), Vachek, J. (author), Kassa, J. (author), Herink, J. (author), de Jong, L.P.A. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)Soman belongs to the most dangerous nerve agents because of the low effectiveness of the presently available antidotes. Soman acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) both peripherally and centrally, with a subsequent accumulation of neuromediator acetylcholine and other metabolic changes. From the data published in literature it can be...article 2004
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Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author), Noort, D. (author), Fidder, A. (author), Hulst, A.G. (author), Woolfitt, A.R. (author), Ash, D. (author), Barr, J.R. (author)We here report on the further development of the method comprising the pronase digestion of albumin alkylated by sulfur mustard and the subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of an adducted tripeptide. This includes significant improvements in both the albumin isolation procedure and the automation of the microliquid chromatography-electrospray...article 2004
Searched for: subject%3A%22Chemical%255C%2Bwarfare%255C%2Bagents%22
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