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Mirahmadi, F. (author), Koolstra, J.H. (author), Fazaeli, S. (author), Lobbezoo, F. (author), van Lenthe, G.H. (author), Snabel, J. (author), Stoop, R. (author), Everts, V. (author)Nutrition of articular cartilage relies mainly on diffusion and convection of solutes through the interstitial fluid due to the lack of blood vessels. The diffusion is controlled by two factors: steric hindrance and electrostatic interactions between the solutes and the matrix components. Aging comes with changes in the cartilage structure and...article 2019
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Ding, Y. (author), Stahlmecke, B. (author), Jiménez, A.S. (author), Tuinman, I.L. (author), Kaminski, H. (author), Kuhlbusch, T.A.J. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Riediker, M. (author)Different types of aerosolization and deagglomeration testing systems exist for studying the properties of nanomaterial powders and their aerosols. However, results are dependent on the specific methods used. In order to have well-characterized aerosols, we require a better understanding of how system parameters and testing conditions influence...article 2015
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Nohynek, G.J. (author), Skare, J.A. (author), Meuling, W.J.A. (author), Wehmeyer, K.R. (author), de Bie, A.T.H.J. (author), Vaes, W.H.J. (author), Dufour, E.K. (author), Fautz, R. (author), Steiling, W. (author), Bramante, M. (author), Toutain, H. (author)Systemic exposure was measured in humans after hair dyeing with oxidative hair dyes containing 2.0% (A) or 1.0% (B) [14C]-p-phenylenediamine (PPD). Hair was dyed, rinsed, dried, clipped and shaved; blood and urine samples were collected for 48 hours after application. [14C] was measured in all materials, rinsing water, hair, plasma, urine and...article 2015
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Dragomir, O.E. (author), Tummers, M.J. (author), van Veen, E.H. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), Roekaerts, D.J.E.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)This paper presents the results of a series of experiments on the condensed phase decomposition and the gas phase combustion of hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF). The experiments include SEM analysis of quenched samples that showed evidence of the formation of a foam layer. FTIR spectrometry and mass spectrometry provide details on species...article 2009
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Noort, D. (author), Fidder, A. (author), Degenhardt-Langelaan, C.E.A.M. (author), Hulst, A.G. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The persistence in rats of sulfur mustard adducts to albumin and hemoglobin was studied in vivo after exposure (intravenously; 0.3 mg/kg; approximately 0.1 LD50) of rats to sulfur mustard. The albumin adduct (S-HETE)Cys-Pro-Tyr was detectable up to 7 days after the exposure, while the adduct to the N-terminal valine in hemoglobin was still...article 2008
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Steeneken, P.A.M. (author), Tas, A.C. (author), Woortman, A.J.J. (author), Sanders, P. (author), Mijland, P.J.H.C. (author), de Weijs, L.G.R. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The effect of the granule structure on the methylation of starch was investigated by comparing the substitution patterns of potato starch methylated in granular suspension and in solution to DS 0.3. Substitution patterns were analyzed by successive digestion with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase, fractionation of the resulting malto...article 2008
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Vente, J.A. (author), Bosch, H. (author), de Haan, A.B. (author), Bussman, P.J.T. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The goal of this work was to enchance the selectivity of the separation of fructose or glucose from carbohydrate mixtures with adsorbents capable of reversible reaction. The experimental data presented demonstrate the feasibility of separating glucose from trans-galacto-oligosaccharides and fructose from fructo-oligosaccharides using resins as...article 2006
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Coulier, L. (author), Kaal, E.R. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), gradient polymer elution chromatography (GPEC) and liquid chromatography at critical conditions (LC-CC) have been developed and applied to observe chemical changes in poly(bisphenol A)carbonate (PC) due to hydrolytic degradation. Especially LC-CC appeared to be very successful to observe differences in...article 2005
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van Teeffelen, A.M.M. (author), Broersen, K. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Chemical glycosylation of proteins occurs in vivo spontaneously, especially under stress conditions, and has been linked in a number of cases to diseases related to protein denaturation and aggregation. It is the aim of this work to study the origin of the change in thermodynamic properties due to glucosylation of the folded β-lactoglobulin A....article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author), Kaper, T. (author), Talik, B. (author), Ettema, T.J. (author), Bos, H. (author), van der Maarel, M.J.E.C. (author), Dijkhuizen, L. (author)Amylomaltases are 4-alpha-glucanotransferases (EC 2.4.1.25) of glycoside hydrolase family 77 that transfer alpha-1,4-linked glucans to another acceptor, which can be the 4-OH group of an alpha-1,4-linked glucan or glucose. The amylomaltase-encoding gene (PAE1209) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum IM2 was cloned and...article 2005
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Wolken, W.A.M. (author), Tramper, J. (author), van der Werf, M.J. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The amino acid-catalysed retroaldol condensation previously described for citral has been extended to other α,β -unsaturated aldehydes. In the presence of glycine and an elevated pH, six other α,β-unsaturated aldehydes also underwent retroaldol condensation. Crotonaldehyde, as well as its proposed intermediate, aldol, were converted into...article 2004
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Koppelman, S.J. (author), Lakemond, C.M.M. (author), Vlooswijk, R. (author), Hefle, S.L. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Several tests for the detection of soy proteins in foods have been described in the literature, and some are commercially available. This article gives an overview of these methods and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each individual method. Based on the conclusions of this inventory, an experimental approach was designed to improve...article 2004
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Valencia, J.V. (author), Weldon, S.C. (author), Quinn, D. (author), Kiers, G.H. (author), de Groot, J. (author), TeKoppele, J.M. (author), Hughes, T.E. (author), Gaubius instituut TNO (author)Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate with age and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. AGEs bind cell-surface receptors including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The dependence of RAGE binding on specific biochemical characteristics of AGEs is currently unknown. Using standardized procedures and a variety of...article 2004
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Nieuwenhuizen, W.F. (author), Dekker, H.L. (author), de Koning, L.J. (author), Gröneveld, T. (author), de Koster, C.G. (author), de Jong, G.A.H. (author)The molecular structures determine the physical properties of milk proteins and are important for the texture of many dairy-based foods. Bovine α-lactalbumin (α-LA) is a globular 123 amino acid Ca2+ binding milk protein. Modification with microbial Ca2+ independent transglutaminase (MTGase) was used to modify lysines and glutamines in holo and...article 2003
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de Groot, J. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The aim of this work was to study the effect of the formation of more heat-stable conformers of chicken egg ovalbumin during incubation at basic pH (9.9) and elevated temperature (55°C) on the protein aggregation properties at neutral pH. Native ovalbumin (N-OVA) is converted on the hours time-scale into more heat-stable forms denoted I- ...article 2003
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Arand, M. (author), Hallberg, B.M. (author), Zou, J. (author), Bergfors, T. (author), Oesch, F. (author), van der Werf, M.J. (author), de Bont, J.A.M. (author), Jones, T.A. (author), Mowbray, S.L. (author)Epoxide hydrolases are essential for the processing of epoxide-containing compounds in detoxification or metabolism. The classic epoxide hydrolases have an α/β hydrolase fold and act via a two-step reaction mechanism including an enzyme-substrate intermediate. We report here the structure of the limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase from Rhodococcus...article 2003
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TNO Voeding (author), Awad, H.M. (author), Boersma, M.G. (author), Boeren, S. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Vervoort, J. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author)Oxidation of flavonoids with a catechol structural motif in their B ring leads to formation of flavonoid quinone/quinone methides, which rapidly react with GSH to give reversible glutathionyl flavonoid adducts. Results of the present study demonstrate that as a thiol-scavenging agent for this reaction Cys is preferred over GSH and N...article 2003
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Fabiano, B. (author), Kersten, R.J.A. (author), Opschoor, G. (author), Pastorino, R. (author)The occurrence of a rapid phase transition, or so-called explosive boiling, when a cold volatile liquid comes into contact with a hot liquid or hot surface is a potential hazard in industry. This study was focused on the explosive boiling potential of thermally stratified liquid-liquid systems that result from a runaway reaction. The...article 2002
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Freidig, A. (author), Hofhuis, M. (author), van Holstijn, I. (author), Hermens, J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Glutathione (GSH) depletion is often reported as an early cytotoxic effect, caused by many reactive organic chemicals. In the present study, GSH depletion in primary rat hepatocytes was used as an in vitro effect-equivalent to measure the toxic potency of α,β-unsaturated esters (acrylates and methacrylates). 2. When these compounds were...article 2001
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Soffers, A.E.M.F. (author), Boersma, M.G. (author), Vaes, W.H.J. (author), Vervoort, J. (author), Tyrakowska, B. (author), Hermens, J.L.M. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)Over the past decades the description of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) has been undertaken in order to find predictive models and/or mechanistic explanations for chemical as well as biological activities. This includes QSAR studies in toxicology. In an approach beyond the classical QSAR approaches, attempts have been made...article 2001
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