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Bracesco, A.E.A. (author), Burgess, C.H. (author), Todinova, A. (author), Zardetto, V. (author), Koushik, D. (author), Kessels, M.M. (author), Dogan, I. (author), Weijtens, C.H.L. (author), Veenstra, S. (author), Andriessen, R. (author), Creatore, M. (author)The chemistry of the interface between the metal halide perovskite absorber and the charge transport layer affects the performance and stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The literature provides several examples of poor PSC conversion efficiency values, when electron transport layers (ETLs), such as SnO2 and TiO2, are...article 2020
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Beerkens, R.G.C. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Conventional industrial glass furnaces show broad glass melt residence time distributions in the melting tanks and average residence times may be up to more than two days for high quality glass products, such as float glass or TV glass, despite the minimum residence times of 8-10 hours (or even less than 4 hours for container glass furnaces)....article 2008
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Weijers, M. (author), Broersen, K. (author), Barneveld, P.A. (author), Cohen Stuart, M.A. (author), Hamer, R.J. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), Visschers, R.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The effect of ovalbumin net charge on aggregate morphology and visual properties was investigated using chromatography, electrophoresis, electron microscopy, and turbidity measurements. A range of differently charged ovalbumin variants (net charge ranging from -1 to -26 at pH 7) was produced using chemical engineering. With increasing net charge...article 2008
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Broersen, K. (author), Weijers, M. (author), de Groot, J. (author), Hamer, R.J. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This study describes how charge modification affects aggregation of ovalbumin, thereby distinguishing the role of conformational and electrostatic stability in the process. Ovalbumin variants were engineered using chemical methylation or succinylation to obtain a range of protein net charge from -1 to -26. Charge modification significantly...article 2007
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Wierenga, P.A. (author), Kosters, H. (author), Egmond, M.R. (author), Voragen, A.G.J. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The stability of adsorbed protein layers against deformation has in literature been attributed to the formation of a continuous gel-like network. This hypothesis is mostly based on measurements of the increase of the surface shear elasticity with time. For several proteins this increase has been attributed to the formation of intermolecular...article 2006
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Koek, M.M. (author), Muilwijk, B. (author), van der Werf, M.J. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)An analytical method was set up suitable for the analysis of microbial metabolomes, consisting of an oximation and silylation derivatization reaction and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Microbial matrixes contain many compounds that potentially interfere with either the derivatization procedure or analysis...article 2006
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Schroeder, M. (author), Lenting, H.B.M. (author), Kandelbauer, A. (author), Silva, C.J.S.M. (author), Cavaco-Paulo, A. (author), Gübitz, G.M. (author)Due to their excellent properties, such as thermostability, activity over a broad range of pH and efficient stain removal, proteases from Bacillus sp. are commonly used in the textile industry including industrial processes and laundry and represent one of the most important groups of enzymes. However, due to the action of proteases, severe...article 2006
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Broersen, K. (author), Voragen, A.G.J. (author), Hamer, R.J. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)In this article we show how various degrees of glycosylation can be used to control the thermal stability of proteins. The primary amines of β-lactoglobulin were glycosylated with glucose or fructose within a range of non-denaturing reaction parameters. The modified fractions were characterized and analyzed for structural stability and...article 2004
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Smith, R.L. (author), Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Hall, R.L. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Natural flavour complexes (NFCs) are chemical mixtures obtained by applying physical separation methods to botanical sources. Many NFCs are derived from foods. In the present paper, a 12-step procedure for the safety evaluation of NFCs, 'the naturals paradigm', is discussed. This procedure, which is not intended to be viewed as a rigid check...article 2004
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Nieuwenhuizen, W.F. (author), Dekker, H.L. (author), Gröneveld, T. (author), de Koster, C.G. (author), de Jong, G.A.H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major component in whey and its physical properties are important for the texture of many dairy-based foods. Modification of proteins with transglutaminase from Streptoverticillium mobaraense (MTGase) can be used to alter their physical properties. MTGase-mediated modification of native BLG was until now,...article 2004
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Trofimova, D. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Maillard products of β-lactoglobulin (βLg) and fructose oligosaccharide (FOS) were obtained in different degrees of modification depending on incubation time and pH. By use of a variety of biochemical and spectroscopic tools, it was demonstrated that the modification at limited degrees does not significantly affect the secondary, tertiary, and...article 2004
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Kosters, H.A. (author), Broersen, K. (author), de Groot, J. (author), Simons, J.W.F.A. (author), Wierenga, P. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Processing of ovalbumin may result in proteins that differ more than 23°C in denaturation temperature while the structural fold is not significantly affected. This is achieved by 1) conversion of positive residues into negative ones (succinylation); 2) elimination of negative charges (methylation); 3) reducing the proteins hydrophobic exposure ...article 2003
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Kosters, H.A. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)A number of relevant properties of Woodward's reagent K have been determined, such as the stability of the reactant and the optimal reaction conditions of the reactant with protein carboxylates. A Woodward's reagent K stock solution was stable at 4°C for prolonged time, whereas upon storage at 22°C, almost 20% of the reactive compound was lost...article 2003
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Warren, N. (author), Goede, H.A. (author), Tijssen, S.C.H.A. (author), Oppl, R. (author), Schipper, H.J. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)This paper describes the derivation of default task-based dermal exposure values for use in a risk assessment toolkit for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A set of separately determined dermal exposure modifiers have been applied to published studies of dermal exposure to obtain 'normalized' dermal exposure data sets. These data sets...article 2003
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Goede, H.A. (author), Tijssen, S.C.H.A. (author), Schipper, H.J. (author), Warren, N. (author), Oppl, R. (author), Kalberlah, F. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)This paper describes how default dermal exposure values can be adjusted with modifier values for specific work situations. The work presented here is supplementary to a toolkit developed for the EU RISKOFDERM project. This toolkit is intended for the assessment and management of dermal risks in small and medium sized enterprises. Potential...article 2003
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Darewicz, M. (author), Dziuba, J. (author), Caessens, P.W.J.R. (author), Gruppen, H. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)To promote the understanding of the relationship between emulsifying and molecular properties of proteins/peptides, intact β-casein (βCN) and its amphipathic fragment, i.e. βCN (1-105/107) were dephosphorylated. Dephosphorylation was found not to change significantly their emulsifying properties. Since it is known that the structure of proteins...article 2000
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van den Berg, R. (author), Haenen, G.R.M.M. (author), van den Berg, H. (author), Bast, A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)The TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) assay is based on scavenging of 2,2'-azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical anions (ABTS(.-)). In this report we describe a modification based on pre-generation of the ABTS radical anions with a thermolabile azo compound, 2,2'-azobis- (2-amidinopropane)HCl (ABAP). This...article 1999
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Polder, Rob B. (author), Larbi, Joe A. (author), TNO Bouw (author)TNO Building and Construction Research investigated reinforced concrete prisms submerged in the North Sea for 16 years. The aim was to examine the effects of this potentially aggressive environment on the mechanical properties and the durability of reinforced concrete. It was found that (deep) sea does not constitute a severe environment for...article 1996
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- Weening-Verhoeff, E.J.D. (author), Quax, P.H.A. (author), van Leeuwen, R.T.J. (author), Rehberg, E.F. (author), Marotti, K.R. (author), Verheijen, J.H. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author) article 1990