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Keulen, A. (author), van Zomeren, A. (author), Dijkstra, J.J. (author)This study explores the leaching of oxyanionic metalloid species (As, Mo, Se, V and Cr) from alkali activated slag-fly ash materials (AAM), dependent on various mixture parameters i.e., activator molarity, slag-fly ash precursor/binder compositions, liquid to binder ratio, curing time and strength. The analyses focusses on the leaching of...article 2018
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Xausa, F. (author), Paasonen, P. (author), Makkonen, R. (author), Arshinov, M. (author), Ding, A. (author), Denier van der Gon, H. (author), Kerminen, V.M. (author), Kulmala, M. (author)Climate models are important tools that are used for generating climate change projections, in which aerosol-climate interactions are one of the main sources of uncertainties. In order to quantify aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions, detailed input of anthropogenic aerosol number emissions is necessary. However, the anthropogenic...article 2018
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Brust, H. (author), Koeberg, M. (author), van der Heijden, A. (author), Wiarda, W. (author), Mügler, I. (author), Schrader, M. (author), Vivo-Truyols, G. (author), Schoenmakers, P. (author), van Asten, A. (author)Ammonium nitrate (AN) is frequently encountered in explosives in forensic casework. It is widely available as fertilizer and easy to implement in explosive devices, for example by mixing it with a fuel. Forensic profiling methods to determine whether material found on a crime scene and material retrieved from a suspect arise from the same source...article 2015
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Dusinska, M. (author), Boland, S. (author), Saunders, M. (author), Juillerat-Jeanneret, L. (author), Tran, L. (author), Pojana, G. (author), Marcomini, A. (author), Volkovova, K. (author), Tulinska, J. (author), Knudsen, L.E. (author), Gombau, L. (author), Whelan, M. (author), Collins, A.R. (author), Marano, F. (author), Housiadas, C. (author), Bilanicova, D. (author), Halamoda Kenzaoui, B. (author), Correia Carreira, S. (author), Magdolenova, Z. (author), Fjellsbo, L.M. (author), Huk, A. (author), Handy, R. (author), Walker, L. (author), Barancokova, M. (author), Bartonova, A. (author), Burello, E. (author), Castell, J. (author), Cowie, H. (author), Drlickova, M. (author), Guadagnini, R. (author), Harris, G. (author), Harju, M. (author), Heimstad, E.S. (author), Hurbankova, M. (author), Kazimirova, A. (author), Kovacikova, Z. (author), Kuricova, M. (author), Liskova, A. (author), Milcamps, A. (author), Neubauerova, E. (author), Palosaari, T. (author), Papazafiri, P. (author), Pilou, M. (author), Poulsen, M.S. (author), Ross, B. (author), Runden-Pran, E. (author), Sebekova, K. (author), Staruchova, M. (author), Vallotto, D. (author), Worth, A. (author)In spite of recent advances in describing the health outcomes of exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), it still remains unclear how exactly NPs interact with their cellular targets. Size, surface, mass, geometry, and composition may all play a beneficial role as well as causing toxicity. Concerns of scientists, politicians and the public about...article 2015
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Jedynska, A.D. (author), Tromp, P.C. (author), Houtzager, M.M.G. (author), Kooter, I.M. (author)Use of biodiesel is increasing following implementation of various policy instruments and a surge in demand due to growing urbanized populations. A series of experiments to characterize the chemical composition of emissions generated during combustion of petro-diesel (B0), biodiesel blends (B5, B10, B20), biodiesel (B100) and pure plant oil were...article 2015
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Stroeve, J.H.M. (author), van Wietmarschen, H. (author), Kremer, B.H.A. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Wopereis, S. (author)Nutrition research is struggling to demonstrate beneficial health effects, since nutritional effects are often subtle and long term. Health has been redefined as the ability of our body to cope with daily-life challenges. Physiology acts as a well-orchestrated machinery to adapt to the continuously changing environment. We term this adaptive...article 2015
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Zha, Y. (author), Westerhuis, J.A. (author), Muilwijk, B. (author), Overkamp, K.M. (author), Nijmeijer, B.M. (author), Coulier, L. (author), Smilde, A.K. (author), Punt, P.J. (author)Background: Inhibitors are formed that reduce the fermentation performance of fermenting yeast during the pretreatment process of lignocellulosic biomass. An exometabolomics approach was applied to systematically identify inhibitors in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates.Results: We studied the composition and fermentability of 24 different...article 2014
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Mutlu, E. (author), Warren, S.H. (author), Matthews, P.P. (author), King, C. (author), Linak, W.P. (author), Kooter, I.M. (author), Schmid, J.E. (author), Ross, J.A. (author), Ian Gilmour, M. (author), DeMarini, D.M. (author)Several types of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have been used for toxicology studies, including a highorganic automobile DEP (A-DEP) from Japan, and a low-organic forklift DEP developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (N-DEP). However, these DEPs were not characterized extensively for chemical composition or sub...article 2013
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Banzhaf, S. (author), Schaap, M. (author), Kerschbaumer, A. (author), Reimer, E. (author), Stern, R. (author), van der Swaluw, E. (author), Builtjes, P. (author)The Chemistry Transport Model REM-Calgrid (RCG) has been improved by implementing an enhanced description of aqueous-phase chemistry and wet deposition processes including droplet pH. A sensitivity study on cloud and rain droplet pH has been performed to investigate its impact on model sulphate production and gas wet scavenging. Air...article 2012
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Mensah, A.A. (author), Holzinger, R. (author), Otjes, R. (author), Trimborn, A. (author), Mentel, T.F. (author), ten Brink, H. (author), Henzing, B. (author), Kiendler-Scharr, A. (author)Observations of aerosol chemical composition in Cabauw, the Netherlands, are presented for two intensive measurement periods in May 2008 and March 2009. Sub-micron aerosol chemical composition was measured by an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and is compared to observations from aerosol size distribution measurements as well as...article 2012
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Fountoukis, C. (author), Racherla, P.N. (author), Denier Van Der Gon, H.A.C. (author), Polymeneas, P. (author), Charalampidis, P.E. (author), Pilinis, C. (author), Wiedensohler, A. (author), Dall'Osto, M. (author), O'Dowd, C. (author), Pandis, S.N. (author)PMCAMx-2008, a detailed three-dimensional chemical transport model (CTM), was applied to Europe to simulate the mass concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) during May 2008. The model includes a state-of-the-art organic aerosol module which is based on the volatility basis set framework treating both primary and...article 2011
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Roelofs, G.-J. (author), ten Brink, H. (author), Kiendler-Scharr, A. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), Mensah, A. (author), Minikin, A. (author), Otjes, R. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)In May 2008, the measurement campaign IMPACT for observation of atmospheric aerosol and cloud properties was conducted in Cabauw, The Netherlands. With a nudged version of the coupled aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM we simulate the size distribution and chemical composition of the aerosol and the associated aerosol optical thickness (AOT) for...article 2010
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Keuken, M. (author), van der Denier Gon, H. (author), van der Valk, K. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)From research on PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> in 2007/2008 in the Netherlands, it was concluded that the coarse fraction (PM<sub>2.5-10</sub>) attributed 60% and 50% respectively, to the urban-regional and street-urban increments of PM<sub>10</sub>. Contrary to Scandinavian and Mediterranean countries which exhibit significant seasonal...article 2010
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Mandamparambil, R. (author), Fledderus, H. (author), Steenberge, G.V. (author), Dietzel, A.H. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)A femtosecond laser has been successfully utilized for patterning thin Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diode (FOLED) structures of individual layer thickness around 100nm. The authors report in this paper a step-like ablation behavior at the layer interfaces which accounts for a local removal of entire layers. Various surface analyzing...article 2010
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Morgan, W.T. (author), Allan, J.D. (author), Bower, K.N. (author), Esselborn, M. (author), Harris, B. (author), Henzing, J.S. (author), Highwood, E.J. (author), Kiendler-Scharr, A. (author), McMeeking, G.R. (author), Mensah, A.A. (author), Northway, M.J. (author), Osborne, S. (author), Williams, P.I. (author), Krejci, R. (author), Coe, H. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)A case study of atmospheric aerosol measurements exploring the impact of the vertical distribution of aerosol chemical composition upon the radiative budget in North-Western Europe is presented. Sub-micron aerosol chemical composition was measured by an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) on both an airborne platform and a ground-based site...article 2010
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Astitha, M. (author), Kallos, G. (author), Spyrou, C. (author), O'Hirok, W. (author), Lelieveld, J. (author), van der Denier Gon, H.A.C. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Detailed information on the chemical and physical properties of aerosols is important for assessing their role in air quality and climate. This work explores the origin and fate of continental aerosols transported over the Central Atlantic Ocean, in terms of chemical composition, number and size distribution, using chemistry-transport models,...article 2010
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Morgan, W.T. (author), Allan, J.D. (author), Bower, K.N. (author), Esselborn, M. (author), Harris, B. (author), Henzing, J.S. (author), Highwood, E.J. (author), Kiendler-Scharr, A. (author), McMeeking, G.R. (author), Mensah, A.A. (author), Northway, M.J. (author), Osborne, S. (author), Williams, P.I. (author), Krejci, R. (author), Coe, H. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)A case study of atmospheric aerosol measurements exploring the impact of the vertical distribution of aerosol chemical composition upon the radiative budget in North-Western Europe is presented. Sub-micron aerosol chemical composition was measured by an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) on both an airborne platform and a ground-based site...article 2010
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Steudel, A. (author), Batenburg, L.F. (author), Fischer, H.R. (author), Weidler, P.G. (author), Emmerich, K. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The bulk material of six dioctahedral and two trioctahedral swellable clay minerals was leached in H2SO4 and HCl at concentrations of 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 M at 80 °C for several hours. Alteration of the clay mineral structures was dependent on the individual character of each mineral (chemical composition and initial particle size). Acid attack...article 2009
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Steudel, A. (author), Batenburg, L.F. (author), Fischer, H.R. (author), Weidler, P.G. (author), Emmerich, K. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The bulk material of three kaolins, a sepiolite, an illite and one magadiite were treated with 1, 5 and 10 M H2SO4 at 80 °C for several hours. The alteration of the non-swelling clay mineral structures was controlled by the individual character of each mineral (chemical composition and initial particle size). The reaction resulted in a...article 2009
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Bhattacharya, R. (author), de Kok, M.M. (author), Zhou, J. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)We present a simple fabrication process that produces polymeric charge storage devices directly onto a textile surface. By using a coating of poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulphonic acid) (PEDOT) as a solid electrolytic layer deposited between two woven silver coated polyamide yarns, we have created a simple polymeric textile...article 2009