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Smits, K.M. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), van Dijk, B.A.C. (author), van Houwelingen, K. (author), van de Hulsbergen-Kaa, C.A. (author), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (author), van Houwelingen, K. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Oosterwijk, E. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Metabolic gene polymorphisms have previously been suggested as risk factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These polymorphisms are involved in activation or detoxification of carcinogens in cigarette smoke which is another RCC risk factor. We evaluated gene-environment interactions between CYP1A1, GSTμ1 and smoking in a large population-based...article 2008
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Staal, Y.C.M. (author), Pushparajah, D.S. (author), van Herwijnen, M.H.M. (author), Gottschalk, R.W.H. (author), Maas, L.M. (author), Ioannides, C. (author), van Schooten, F.J. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Although exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs mostly through mixtures, hazard and risk assessment are mostly based on the effects caused by individual compounds. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether interactions between PAHs occur, focusing on gene expression (as measured by cDNA microarrays) and...article 2008
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Schutte, M.E. (author), Boersma, M.G. (author), Verhallen, D.A.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This study describes and kinetically models the effect of flavonoid mixtures on PhIP transport through Caco-2 monolayers. Previously it was shown that quercetin, luteolin, naringenin and myricetin increase the apical to basolateral PhIP transport in Caco-2 monolayers. In this study, apigenin was shown to exert a similar effect with an apparent...article 2008
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Schutte, M.E. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), Spenkelink, B. (author), Vaessen, J.C.H. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), KvL (author)This study investigates whether the previous observation that quercetin increases the transport of PhIP through Caco-2 monolayers in vitro could be confirmed in an in vivo rat model. Co-administration of 1.45 μmol PhIP/kg bw and 30 μmol quercetin/kg bw significantly increased the blood AUC(0-8 h) of PhIP in rats to 131 ± 14% of the AUC(0-8 h)...article 2008
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Hogervorst, J.G.F. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Konings, E.J.M. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen that was detected in several heat-treated foods, such as French fries and crisps, in 2002. Prospective studies are needed on acrylamide and human cancer risk. We prospectively investigated the association between acrylamide and gastrointestinal cancer risk. In 1986, 120,852 men and women (aged 55-69 y)...article 2008
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Vinken, M. (author), Doktorova, T. (author), Ellinger-Ziegelbauer, H. (author), Ahr, H.-J. (author), Lock, E. (author), Carmichael, P. (author), Roggen, E. (author), van Delft, J. (author), Kleinjans, J. (author), Castell, J. (author), Bort, R. (author), Donato, T. (author), Ryan, M. (author), Corvi, R. (author), Keun, H. (author), Ebbels, T. (author), Athersuch, T. (author), Sansone, S.-A. (author), Rocca-Serra, P. (author), Stierum, R. (author), Jennings, P. (author), Pfaller, W. (author), Gmuender, H. (author), Vanhaecke, T. (author), Rogiers, V. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Recent changes in the European legislation of chemical-related substances have forced the scientific community to speed up the search for alternative methods that could partly or fully replace animal experimentation. The Sixth Framework Program project carcinoGENOMICS was specifically raised to develop omics-based in vitro screens for testing...article 2008
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Hogervorst, J.G. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Konings, E.J. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, was recently detected in various heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods. Epidemiologic studies on the relation with cancer have been few and largely negative. Objective: We aimed to prospectively examine the association between dietary acrylamide intake and renal cell, bladder, and prostate...article 2008
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Punt, A. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), Delatour, T. (author), Scholz, G. (author), Boersma, M.G. (author), Schilter, B. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The present study defines a physiologically based biokinetic (PBBK) model for the alkenylbenzene estragole in rat based on in vitro metabolic parameters determined using relevant tissue fractions, in silico derived partition coefficients, and physiological parameters derived from the literature. The model consists of eight compartments including...article 2008
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The paper aims to evaluate the indoor air limit of 1 μg/m3 (0.8 ppb) formaldehyde as advised by the European Commission [the INDEX project; Kotzias, D., Koistinen, K., Kephalopoulos, S., Schlitt, C., Carrer, P., Maroni, M., Jantunen, M., Cochet, C., Kirchner, S., Lindvall, T., McLaughlin, J., Mølhave, L., de Oliveira Fernandes, E., Seifert, B.,...article 2008
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Männistö, S. (author), Yaun, S.S. (author), Hunter, D.J. (author), Spiegelman, D. (author), Adami, H.O. (author), Albanes, D. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), Buring, J.E. (author), Cerhan, J.R. (author), Colditz, G.A. (author), Freudenheim, J.L. (author), Fuchs, C.S. (author), Giovannucci, E. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Harnack, L. (author), Leitzmann, M. (author), McCullough, M.L. (author), Miller, A.B. (author), Rohan, T.E. (author), Schatzkin, A. (author), Virtamo, J. (author), Willett, W.C. (author), Wolk, A. (author), Zhang, S.M. (author), Smith-Warner, S.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Dietary carotenoids have been hypothesized to protect against epithelial cancers. The authors analyzed the associations between intakes of specific carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin, and lycopene) and risk of colorectal cancer using the primary data from 11 cohort studies carried out in North...article 2007
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Adams, T.B. (author), McGowen, M.M. (author), Williams, M.C. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Munro, I.C. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Smith, R.L. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This publication is the 11th in a series of safety evaluations performed by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA). In 1993, the Panel initiated a comprehensive program to re-evaluate the safety of more than 1700 GRAS flavoring substances under conditions of intended use. The list of GRAS substances has now...article 2007
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Staal, Y.C.M. (author), Hebels, D.G.A.J. (author), van Herwijnen, M.H.M. (author), Gottschalk, R.W.H. (author), van Schooten, F.J. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cover a wide range of structurally related compounds which differ greatly in their carcinogenic potency. PAH exposure usually occurs through mixtures rather than individual compounds. Therefore, we assessed whether the effects of binary PAH mixtures on gene expression, DNA adduct formation, apoptosis and...article 2007
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Zeegers, M.P. (author), Selen, R.F.M. (author), Kleinjans, J.C.S. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: N-nitroso compounds, endogenously formed from nitrate-derived nitrite, are suspected to be important bladder carcinogens. However, the association between nitrate exposure from food or drinking water and bladder cancer has not been substantially investigated in epidemiologic studies. Methods: We evaluated the associations between...article 2006
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Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Tielemans, E.L.J.P. (author), Heederik, D. (author), Rubingh, C.M. (author), Dekkers, S. (author), Willems, M.I. (author), Dinant Kroese, E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)It is generally recognized that human, epidemiological data, if available, are preferred as the starting point for quantitative risk analysis above the use of data from animal studies. Although methods to obtain proper risk estimates from epidemiological data are available, several impediments prevent their widespread application. These...article 2006
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Jeurissen, S.M.F. (author), Bogaards, J.J.P. (author), Boersma, M.G. (author), ter Horst, J.P.F. (author), Awad, H.M. (author), Fiamegos, Y.C. (author), van Beek, T.A. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Sudhölter, E.J.R. (author), Cnubben, N.H.P. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)In vitro studies were performed to elucidate the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the bioactivation of methyleugenol to its proximate carcinogen 1′-hydroxymethyleugenol. Incubations with Supersomes, expressing individual P450 enzymes to a high level, revealed that P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2C19, and 2D6 are intrinsically able to 1′...article 2006
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Schutte, M.E. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The present study describes the effect of different flavonoids on the absorption of the pro-carcinogen PhIP through Caco-2 monolayers and the development of an in silico model describing this process taking into account passive diffusion and active transport of PhIP. Various flavonoids stimulated the apical to basolateral PhIP transport. Using...article 2006
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Rennen, M.A.J. (author), de Heer, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: The critical health effects of formaldehyde exposure include sensory irritation and the potential to induce tumours in the upper respiratory tract. In literature, a concentration as low as 0.24 ppm has been reported to be irritating to the respiratory tract in humans. Nasal tumour-inducing levels in experimental animals seem to be 1...article 2006
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Schutte, M.E. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The effect of the flavonoid myricetin on the transport of the pro-carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) through differentiated Caco-2 monolayers, a model for the intestinal epithelium, is described. Myricetin causes an increase of the transport of PhIP from the apical to the basolateral compartment. This effect was...article 2006
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author), Genkinger, J.M. (author), Hunter, D.J. (author), Spiegelman, D. (author), Anderson, K.E. (author), Buring, J.E. (author), Freudenheim, J.L. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Harnack, L. (author), Hankinson, S.E. (author), Larsson, S.C. (author), Leitzmann, M. (author), McCullough, M.L. (author), Marshall, J. (author), Miller, A.B. (author), Rodriguez, C. (author), Rohan, T.E. (author), Schatzkin, A. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Wolk, A. (author), Zhang, S.M. (author), Smith-Warner, S.A. (author)Alcohol has been hypothesized to promote ovarian carcinogenesis by its potential to increase circulating levels of estrogen and other hormones; through its oxidation byproduct, acetaldehyde, which may act as a cocarcinogen; and by depletion of folate and other nutrients. Case-control and cohort studies have reported conflicting results relating...article 2006
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- Maurici, D. (author), Aardema, M. (author), Corvi, R. (author), Kleber, M. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Laurent, C. (author), Loprieno, N. (author), Pasanen, M. (author), Pfuhler, S. (author), Phillips, B. (author), Sabbioni, E. (author), Sanner, T. (author), Vanparys, P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author) article 2005