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Molag, M. (author), Dam, C. (author)In the near future large quantities of CO2 will be transported over a large distance from Carbon dioxide Capture plants to onshore and off-shore underground Storage (CCS) sites. The risk assessments for the existing CO2 pipelines show distances to harmful threshold concentrations from 1 to 7.2 km. Such large differences in safety distances are...conference paper 2011
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van Bergen, F. (author), Hol, S. (author), Spiers, C. (author)The interaction between supercritical carbon dioxide and coal has been the subject of many studies in recent years. This paper reports two different types of swelling experiments, one on confined and one on unconfined samples of pre-pressed, crushed bituminous coal, performed at gas or fluid pressures up to 10MPa and temperatures of around 40°C....article 2011
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Farrelly, I. (author), Loske, B. (author), Neele, F. (author), Holdstock, M. (author)The largest single point CO2 emitter in Ireland, the Moneypoint Power Station (3.95 Mt CO2 per annum), is located in Co. Clare and geologically lies within the Clare Basin. In terms of the economics of transportation of CO2 from Moneypoint, a possible local storage site would be favoured. The study investigated a number of critical criteria with...conference paper 2011
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Meekes, J.A.C. (author), Zhang, X. (author), Abdul Fattah, R. (author)Geophysical monitoring of the dynamical behavior of subsurface reservoirs (oil, gas, CO2) remains an important issue in geophysical research. A new idea for reservoir monitoring based on electrical resistivity tomography was developed at TNO. The essential element of the so-called BSEMT (Borehole to Surface Electrical Monitoring Technique)...conference paper 2011
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Not availablepublic lecture 2011
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Hulsbosch-Dam, C.E.C. (author), Spruijt, M.P.N. (author), Trijssenaar-Buhre, I.J.M. (author)A large release of Carbon Dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) is modelled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), (Fluent v12.1). Special attention is given to the modelling of a neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with gravity. Both the presence of non-vapour CO<inf>2</inf> and the high density of CO<inf>2</inf> require that the effect of gravity is...conference paper 2011
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Zhang, X. (author), Brouwer, J.H. (author), Meekes, J.A.C. (author), Arts, R.J. (author)Passive seismic imaging during CO2 injection in geological formations gains more and more interest as part of an integrated monitoring approach. For two EU CO2 storage project sites, RECOPOL - Enhanced Coal-Bed Methane pilot site in Kaniów (Poland) and CO2SINK- CO2 injection in a saline aquifer in Ketzin (Germany), the Netherlands Geological...conference paper 2011
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Fokker, P.A. (author), Orlic, B. (author), van der Meer, L.G.H. (author), Geel, C.R. (author)Injection of CO2 in the InSalah field has caused uplift of the surface, as observed by satellite geodetic techniques (InSAR). Around one of the wells, KB-502, the uplift shows anomalous behaviour: a two-lobe pattern develops in the direction of the preferred fracture orientation. This indicates the tensile opening of a fracture or a fracture...conference paper 2011
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van Gompel, P.H.C. (author), Koornneef, G.P. (author)Two major trends can be identified for powertrain control in the next decade. The legislation will more and more focus on in-use emissions. Together with the global trend to reduce the CO 2 emissions, this will lead to an integral drive train approach. To develop and validate this integral drive train approach, the need for a new chapter in...conference paper 2010
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Koornneef, J. (author), Spruijt, M. (author), Molag, M. (author), Ramírez, A. (author), Turkenburg, W. (author), Faaij, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)A systematic assessment, based on an extensive literature review, of the impact of gaps and uncertainties on the results of quantitative risk assessments (QRAs) for CO<sub>2</sub> pipelines is presented. Sources of uncertainties that have been assessed are: failure rates, pipeline pressure, temperature, section length, diameter, orifice size,...article 2010
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Sabil, K.M. (author), Duarte, A.R.C. (author), Zevenbergen, J.F. (author), Ahmad, M.M. (author), Yusup, S. (author), Omar, A.A. (author), Peters, C.J. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)A laboratory-scale reactor system is built and operated to measure the kinetic of formation for single and mixed carbon dioxide-tetrahydrofuran hydrates. The T-cycle method, which is used to collect the kinetic data, is briefly discussed. For single carbon dioxide hydrate, the induction time decreases with the increase of the initial carbon...article 2010
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van Bergen, F. (author), Krzystolik, P. (author), van Wageningen, N. (author), Pagnier, H. (author), Jura, B. (author), Skiba, J. (author), Winthaegen, P. (author), Kobiela, Z. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)A pilot site for CO2 storage in coal seams was set-up in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland in the scope of the RECOPOL project, funded by the European Commission. About 760 tons CO2 were injected into the reservoir from August 2004 to June 2005. Breakthrough of the injected CO2 was established, which resulted in the production of about 10%...article 2009
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van Bergen, F. (author), Winthaegen, P. (author), Pagnier, H. (author), Krzystolik, P. (author), Jura, B. (author), Skiba, J. (author), van Wageningen, N. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)A pilot site for CO2 storage in coal seams was set-up in Poland, as has been reported on previous GHGT conferences. This site consisted of one injection and one production well. About 760 ton of CO2 has been injected into the reservoir from August 2004 to June 2005. Breakthrough of the injected CO2 was established, which resulted in the...article 2009
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van Bergen, F. (author), Spiers, C. (author), Floor, G. (author), Bots, P. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Field experiments and laboratory studies have shown that swelling of coal takes place upon contact with carbon dioxide at underground pressure and temperature conditions. Understanding this swelling behavior is crucial for predicting the performance of future carbon dioxide sequestration operations in unminable coal seams conducted in...article 2009
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Muller, T. (author), Nowak, A. (author), Wiedensohler, A. (author), Sheridan, P. (author), Laborde, M. (author), Covert, D.S. (author), Marinoni, A. (author), Imre, K. (author), Henzing, B. (author), Roger, J.C. (author), Dos Santos, S.M. (author), Wilhelm, R. (author), Wang, Y.Q. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Integrating nephelometers are widely used for monitoring and research applications related to air pollution and climate. Several commercial versions of the instrument are available and are in wide use in the community. This article reports on results from a calibration and intercomparison workshop where several units of the three most widely...article 2009
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van der Meer, L.G.H.(B.) (author), Hofstee, C. (author), Orlic, B. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The minimum injection depth for the storage of CO2 is normally set at 800 metres. At and beyond this depth in the subsurface conditions exist where CO2 is in a so-called critical state. The supercritical CO2 has a viscosity comparable to that of a normal gas and a liquid-like density, Due to the high density of the supercritical CO2, storing the...article 2009
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Orlic, B. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Two options for geological storage of CO2 are currently considered: storage in depleted hydrocarbon fields, which have a hydrocarbon proven seal, and storage in deep (>800m) saline aquifers, which lack such a seal. Pore pressure changes resulting from fluid extraction and subsequent CO2 injection into the reservoir induce stress changes that may...conference paper 2009
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Vangkilde-Pedersen, T. (author), Anthonsen, K.L. (author), Smith, N. (author), Kirk, K. (author), Neele, F. (author), van der Meer, B. (author), le Le Gallo, Y. (author), Bossie-Codreanu, D. (author), Wojcicki, A. (author), le Nindre, Y.-M. (author), Hendriks, C. (author), Dalhoff, F. (author), Peter Christensen, N. (author), Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Oester Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark British Geological Survey (BGS), Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands Institut Franc ̌ais du Pétrole (IFP), 1 and, 4 avenue Bois-Preau, 2852 Rueil-Malmaison, Cedex, France PBG Geophysical Exploration Company Limited, 76 Jagiellonska, 03-301 Warszawa, Poland Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 3 avenue Claude-Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France Ecofys, P.O. Box 8408, NL-3503 RK Utrecht, Netherlands Vattenfall A/S, Generation Nordic-Thermal Power, Stoeberigade 14, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark (author)The focus of the GeoCapacity project is GIS mapping of CO2 point sources, infrastructure and geological storage in Europe. The main objective is to assess the European capacity for geological storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers, oil and gas structures and coal beds. Other priorities are further development of methods for capacity assessment,...article 2009
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Mert, A. (author), Klöpping-Ketelaars, I. (author), Bles, W. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Motion sickness incidence (MSI) for vertical sinusoidal motion reaches a maximum at 0.167 Hz. Normal breathing frequency is close to this frequency. There is some evidence for synchronization of breathing with this stimulus frequency. If this enforced breathing takes place over a larger frequency range (0.05-0.8 Hz) and whether this contributes...article 2009
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van der Meer, L.G.H. (author), Yavuz, F. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Estimating the capacity of a geological formation to store CO2 is not a straightforward or simple process. Bradshaw [1] has recently listed various estimations for both regional and global CO2 storage capacity. The estimations were quoted as "very large" with ranges for the estimates in the order of 100 s to 10,000 s Gt of CO2. Clearly this work...article 2009