Searched for: subject%3A%22Cadmium%22
(1 - 20 of 20)
List view
Grid view
document
Bakker, K. (author), Nilsson Ahman, H. (author), Aantjes, K. (author), Barreau, N. (author), Weeber, A.W. (author), Theelen, M. (author)
Partial shading of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 modules can lead to the formation of reverse bias induced wormlike defects. These wormlike defects act as local shunts and permanently decrease module output. A good understanding of the formation and propagationmechanisms of these defects is needed in order tomitigate the negative effects, or to prevent these...
article 2019
document
Reisinger, K. (author), Blatz, V. (author), Brinkmann, J. (author), Downs, T.R. (author), Fischer, A. (author), Henkler, F. (author), Hoffmann, S. (author), Krul, C. (author), Liebsch, M. (author), Luch, A. (author), Pirow, R. (author), Reus, A.A. (author), Schulz, M. (author), Pfuhler, S. (author)
Recently revised OECD Testing Guidelines highlight the importance of considering the first site-of-contact when investigating the genotoxic hazard. Thus far, only in vivo approaches are available to address the dermal route of exposure. The 3D Skin Comet and Reconstructed Skin Micronucleus (RSMN) assays intend to close this gap in the in vitro...
article 2018
document
Xu, M. (author), Wachters, A.J.H. (author), van Deelen, J. (author), Mourad, M.C.D. (author), Buskens, P.J.P. (author)
We present a systematic study of the effect of variation of the zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) layer thickness on the absorption characteristics of CIGS solar cells using a simulation program based on finite element method (FEM). We show that the absorption in the CIGS layer does not decrease monotonically with...
article 2014
document
Rooms, H.C.A. (author), Barbu, I. (author), Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author), Meertens, R. (author), Vermeulen, B. (author)
The acceptance of solar cells in the built environment is partly dependent on the appearance of the solar modules. One aspect in the appearance is color. In most cases a solar cell itself reflects either blue or no color and will appear blackish. For the blue solar cells it is possible to tune the antireflection layer in such a way that a...
conference paper 2011
document
Lodhi, Z.F. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author), Hovestad, A. (author), 't Hoen-Velterop, L. (author), Terryn, H. (author), de Wit, J.H.W. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)
The corrosion properties of electrodeposited zinc-cobalt-iron (Zn-Co-Fe) alloys (up to 40 wt.% Co and 1 wt.% Fe) on steel were studied by using various electrochemical techniques and compared with zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution. It was found that with an increase in Co content in the coating the open circuit potential ...
article 2009
document
Vink, J.P.M. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)
The speciation of heavy metals was measured over a variety of natural and undisturbed water/sediment interfaces. Simultaneously, two benthic species (oligochaete Limnodrilus spp. and the midge Chironomus riparius) were exposed to these sediments. Under occurring redox conditions, free ion activities of trace metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were...
article 2009
document
Veldman, D. (author), Ipek, Ö. (author), Meskers, S.C.J. (author), Sweelssen, J. (author), Koetse, M.M. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Kroon, J.M. (author), van Bavel, S.S. (author), Loos, J. (author), Janssen, R.A.J. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)
The electro-optical properties of thin films of electron donor-acceptor blends of a fluorene copolymer (PF10TBT) and a fullerene derivative (PCBM) were studied. Transmission electron microscopy shows that in these films nanocrystalline PCBM clusters are formed at high PCBM content. For all concentrations, a charge transfer (CT) transition is...
article 2008
document
Vinken, M. (author), Doktorova, T. (author), Ellinger-Ziegelbauer, H. (author), Ahr, H.-J. (author), Lock, E. (author), Carmichael, P. (author), Roggen, E. (author), van Delft, J. (author), Kleinjans, J. (author), Castell, J. (author), Bort, R. (author), Donato, T. (author), Ryan, M. (author), Corvi, R. (author), Keun, H. (author), Ebbels, T. (author), Athersuch, T. (author), Sansone, S.-A. (author), Rocca-Serra, P. (author), Stierum, R. (author), Jennings, P. (author), Pfaller, W. (author), Gmuender, H. (author), Vanhaecke, T. (author), Rogiers, V. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)
Recent changes in the European legislation of chemical-related substances have forced the scientific community to speed up the search for alternative methods that could partly or fully replace animal experimentation. The Sixth Framework Program project carcinoGENOMICS was specifically raised to develop omics-based in vitro screens for testing...
article 2008
document
van der Grift, B. (author), Griffioen, J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)
Historic emissions from ore smelters typically cause regional soil contamination. We developed a modelling approach to assess the impact of such contamination on groundwater and surface water load, coupling unsaturated zone leaching modelling with 3D groundwater transport modelling. Both historic and predictive modelling were performed, using a...
article 2008
document
Cassee, F.R. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Duistermaat, E. (author), Freijer, J.J. (author), Geerse, E.K.B. (author), Marijnissen, J.C.M. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)
The relative importance of the three particulate matter (PM) size fractions in ambient air, i.e. coarse (2.5-10 μm), fine (0.1-2.5 μm) and ultrafine (< 0.1 μm) fractions, on the induction of adverse health effects is still unknown. Moreover, there is no straightforward relationship between ambient concentration levels, exposure (external dose)...
article 2002
document
Duizer, E. (author), Gilde, A.J. (author), Versantvoort, C.H.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)
In the present study we characterized the functional and structural disruption of the paracellular barrier of intestinal epithelium in vitro in relation to cytotoxicity after apical Cd2+ exposure. For that purpose filter-grown Caco-2 and IEC-18 cells were apically exposed to 5 to 100 μM CdCl2 for 4 or 14 h. It was found that the effects of Cd2+...
article 1999
document
van den Hout, K.D. (author), Bakker, D.J. (author), Berdowski, J.J.M. (author), van Jaarsveld, J.A. (author), Reinds, G.J. (author), Bril, J. (author), Breeuwsma, A. (author), Groenenberg, J.E. (author), de Vries, W. (author), van Pagee, J.A. (author), Villars, M. (author), Sliggers, C.J. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)
In the pilot study ESQUAD the impact of atmospheric deposition of three heavy metals (cadmium, copper and lead) and two persistent organic pollutants (benzo(a)pyrene and lindane) on the quality of European soils and seawater has been calculated. Calculations have been made of atmospheric transport and deposition using a detailed emissions...
article 1999
document
Groten, J.P. (author), Schoen, E.D. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), van Zorge, J.A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)
The present study was intended (1) to find out whether simultaneous administration of nine chemicals at a concentration equal to the 'no-observed-adverse-effect level' (NOAEL) for each of them would result in a NOAEL for the combination and (2) to test the usefulness of fractionated factorial models to detect possible interactions between...
article 1997
document
Brussaard, J.H. (author), van Dokkum, W. (author), van der Paauw, C.G. (author), de Vos, R.H. (author), de Kort, W.L.A.M. (author), Löwik, M.R.H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
To assess the level of exposure to food contaminants (cadmium, lead, PCBs, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, nitrate and malathion) a total-diet study was carried out. A total of 226 food products were analysed individually; the concentration of contaminants in products not selected for analysis was estimated with the help of published data. The results...
article 1996
document
Groten, J.P. (author), Schoen, E.D. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)
The use of factorial designs, in which n chemicals are studied at x(n) dose levels (x treatment groups), has been put forward as one of the valuable statistical approaches for hazard assessment of chemical mixtures. Very recently a '25 study' was presented to describe interactions between the carcinogenic activity of five polycyclic aromatic...
article 1996
document
TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author), Spijk, S.J. (author), Stofberg, E.M. (author), Bosman, R. (author), van Berkel, P.M. (author)
report 1996
document
Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Luten, J.B. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author)
It has been shown that addition of extra calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe2+) to the diet results in a significant protection against cadmium (Cd) accumulation and toxicity in rats fed inorganic Cd salt. However, it is not clear whether the presence of these mineral supplements in the diet also protects against the Cd uptake from...
article 1992
document
Instituut voor Biotechnologie en Chemie TNO (author), Wang, M. (author), van Duijn, B. (author), Schram, A.W. (author)
Cytosolic calcium concentrations (Ca(i)) of barley aleurone protoplasts after stimulation with the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were measured by using the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye Indo-1. The measuredd basal Ca(i) is about 200 nM. Stimulation with ABA induces a strong dose-dependent decrease in Ca(i) to a minimal value of about 50...
article 1991
document
Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Sinkeldam, E.J. (author), Luten, J.B. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author)
The distribution of cadmium was examined in rats fed diets containing either cadmium-metallothionein (CdMt) or cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 4 weeks. The test diets contained 3, 10, or 30 mg Cd/kg diet (3, 10, or 30 ppm) as CdMt or 30 mg Cd/kg diet (30 ppm) as CdCl2. A second study was performed to establish the Cd content in liver and kidneys...
article 1991
document
Willems, M.I. (author), de Schepper, G.G. (author), Wibowo, A.A.E. (author), Immel, H.R. (author), Dietrich, A.J.J. (author), Zielhuis, R.L. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)
The influence of lead on sperm morphology, sister chromatid exchanges or on micronuclei formation was studied on male rabbits after exposure to doses of 0, 0.25, and 0.50 mg lead acetate/kg body weight subcutaneously injected three times a week during 14 weeks, each on a group of five rabbits. At the end of exposure phase the lead in blood...
article 1982
Searched for: subject%3A%22Cadmium%22
(1 - 20 of 20)
List view
Grid view