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Weststrate, J.A. (author), van het Hof, K.H. (author), van den Berg, H. (author), te Velthuis-te-Wierik, E.J.M. (author), de Graaf, C. (author), Zimmermanns, N.J.H. (author), Westerterp, K.R. (author), Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S. (author), van de Verboeket-Venne, W.P.H.G. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Objectives: To compare the effects of free access to reduced fat products or their full fat equivalents on fat and energy intake, body weight, plasma lipids and fat-soluble antioxidants concentrations and haemostasis variables. Design: A multicentre open randomised controlled trial in which intervention and control groups were followed in...article 1998
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Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), Smits-van Prooije, A.E. (author), Bär, A. (author)In a standard embryotoxicity/teratogenicity study, γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was administered to groups of 16, artificially inseminated New Zealand White rabbits at dietary concentrations of 0, 5, 10, or 20%. A comparison group received a diet containing 20% lactose. Treatment started on day 0 of gestation and ended on day 29 when the animals were...article 1998
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Löwik, M.R.H. (author), Hulshof, K.F.A.M. (author), van der Heijden, L.J.M. (author), Brussaard, J.H. (author), Burema, J. (author), Kistemaker, C. (author), de Vries, P.J.F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)From April 1987-March 1988, the first Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (DNFCS) was carried out among 2203 households comprising 5898 subjects, aged 1-85. In 1992 (January-December) the second DNFCS was conducted among 6218 subjects, aged 1-92 belonging to 2475 households. In both surveys, among other things, information on individual food...article 1998
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Spoor, S.M. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Local lymph node activation and increased total serum IgE levels are suggested to be predictive parameters of airway hypersensitivity caused by low molecular weight (LMW) chemicals. Whether increases of total serum IgE are indicative of actual induction of specific airway reactions (morphological and functional) after inhalation challenge was...article 1998
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bär, A. (author)The toxicity of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), a cyclic polymer of eight α-1,4-linked glucopyranosyl units with potential applications as a food ingredient, was examined in a 2-week pilot study followed by a 13-week oral toxicity study in Wistar rats. In the 2-week study, the test substance was administered to groups of 5 male rats at dietary levels of...article 1998
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Leenaars, P.P.A.M. (author), Koedam, M.A. (author), Wester, P.W. (author), Baumans, V. (author), Claassen, E. (author), Hendriksen, C.F.M. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)We evaluated the side effects induced by injection of Freund's adjuvant (FA) and alternative adjuvants combined with different antigens. Rabbits and mice were injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly (rabbits) and intraperitoneally (mice) with different adjuvants (FA, Specol, RIBI, TiterMax, Montanide ISA50) in combination with several types of...article 1998
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Schutte, J.B. (author), Smink, W. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)A study was conducted to determine the requirement for lysine of a White Leghorn strain of hens with a body weight of approximately 1,600 g. Before starting the experiment, apparent fecal digestibility of amino acids of the basal diet was determined in an in vivo digestibility trial with six individually housed hens. The basal diet used was...article 1998
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Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), Verhagen, F.J.J. (author), Bär, A. (author)The embryotoxicity/teratogenicity of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was examined in Wistar Crl:(WI)WU BR rats. γ-CD was fed at dietary concentrations of 0, 1.5, 5, 10, and 20% to groups of 25 pregnant female rats from day 0 to 21 of gestation. A comparison group received a diet with 20% lactose. The additions to the diet of γ-CD and lactose were made at...article 1998
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van den Brandt, P.A. (author), Dirx, M.J.M. (author), Ronckers, C.M. (author), van den Hoogen, P. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The association between several anthropometric indices and breast cancer risk was evaluated within the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer, which began in 1986 and is conducted among 62,573 women aged 55 to 69 years at baseline. After 4.3 years of follow-up, data on 626 women with incident breast cancer were available with complete...article 1997
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Groten, J.P. (author), Schoen, E.D. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), van Zorge, J.A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The present study was intended (1) to find out whether simultaneous administration of nine chemicals at a concentration equal to the 'no-observed-adverse-effect level' (NOAEL) for each of them would result in a NOAEL for the combination and (2) to test the usefulness of fractionated factorial models to detect possible interactions between...article 1997
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Schuit, A.J. (author), Schouten, E.G. (author), Kluft, C. (author), de Maat, M. (author), Menheere, P.P.C.A. (author), Kok, F.J. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)The elevated incidence of thrombotic disease in elderly people may be associated with an increase in PAI-1 and fibrinogen with ageing. Cross-sectional studies report an inverse relation of PAI-1 and fibrinogen with physical activity, but training studies show inconsistent results. In a controlled intervention study among elderly subjects (aged...article 1997
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bos-Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), Til, H.P. (author), Bär, A. (author)The potential toxicity and carcinogenicity of erythritol, a low-calorie sugar substitute, were examined in Wistar Crl:(WI) WU BR rats. Groups of 50 rats of each sex consumed diets with 0, 2, 5, or 10% erythritol, or 10% mannitol, for a period of 104-107 weeks. To each of these main groups, two satellite groups of 20 males each were attached for...article 1996
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Visser, C.J.T. (author), van Garderen-Hoetmer, A. (author), Klijn, J.G.M. (author), Foekens, J.A. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)In a previous short-term study (4 months) we found that Sandostatin, when administered prophylactically, inhibited growth of putative pre-neoplastic ductular lesions induced in hamster pancreas by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP), but not of acinar lesions induced in rat pancreas by azaserine. The present long-term (12 months) study was...article 1996
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Rompelberg, C.J.M. (author), Steenwinkel, M.J.S.T. (author), van Asten, J.G. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author), Baan, R.A. (author), Verhagen, H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)To study the possible reduction by eugenol of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of benzoja]pyrene (B[a]P) in vivo, the X-lacZ-transgenic mouse strain 40.6 (Muta(TM)Mouse) was used. Male mice were fed a diet containing 0.4% (w/w) eugenol or a control diet for 58 days. On day 10, half of the mice received an i.p. dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. B[a]P. The...article 1996
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Jonker, D. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The toxicity of mixtures of chemicals with the same target organ was examined in rats using nephrotoxicants with similar or dissimilar modes of action. In a 4-wk feeding study, lysinoalanine, mercuric chloride, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene and d-limonene, each affecting renal proximal tubular cells but through different modes of action, were...article 1996
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Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), van Smits- Prooije, A.E. (author), Wijnands, M.V.M. (author), Bär, A. (author)Erythritol was fed at dietary concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, or 10% to Crl:(WI) WU BR rats of both sexes through two successive generations (F0 and F1). Twenty-four rats of each sex were mated in each group. For each generation one litter was reared until the pups were 21 days old. In the 10% erythritol group, food consumption among F0-males and ...article 1996
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van Ommen, B. (author), de Bie, B. (author), Bar, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The metabolism and disposition of U-14C-erythritol was examined in four groups of three male and three female, nonfasted rats each. The rats of groups A and D were germfree; the rats of groups B and C were kept under conventional conditions. The rats of group B received an erythritol-supplemented diet for 3 weeks prior to the experiment (adapted...article 1996
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Groten, J.P. (author), Schoen, E.D. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The use of factorial designs, in which n chemicals are studied at x(n) dose levels (x treatment groups), has been put forward as one of the valuable statistical approaches for hazard assessment of chemical mixtures. Very recently a '25 study' was presented to describe interactions between the carcinogenic activity of five polycyclic aromatic...article 1996
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Morse, D.C. (author), Plug, A. (author), Wesseling, W. (author), van den Berg, K.J. (author), Brouwer, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Pregnant Wistar WU rats were exposed to 0, 5, and 25 mg of the commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1254 per kilogram of body weight on Days 10 to 16 of gestation. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on Gestation Day 20 to observe effects on fetal body and brain weights. Male and female offspring were sacrificed on Postnatal Days...article 1996
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te Velthuis- Wierik, E.J.M. (author), van den Berg, H. (author), Weststrate, J.A. (author), van het Hof, K.H. (author), de Graaf, C. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Objective: Dietary fat intake is higher than recommended in most western countries and is associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancer. The growing public concern about the adverse effects of a high fat intake has led to an increased availability of 'reduced-fat' products. Consumption of reduced-fat products...article 1996