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Kalanda, B.F. (author), van Buuren, S. (author), Verhoeff, F.H. (author), Brabin, B.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Introduction: Infant growth has not been studied in developing countries in relation to maternal factors related to malaria in pregnancy and maternal illiteracy. Objective: To describe growth patterns in infants with low and normal birthweight and determine maternal risk factors for infant undernutrition. Methods: Babies born in a rural district...article 2005
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Fredriks, A.M. (author), van Buuren, S. (author), Fekkes, M. (author), Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P. (author), Wit, J.M. (author)The aim of this study was to present age references for waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist/hip ratio (WHR) in Dutch children. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 14,500 children of Dutch origin in the age range 0-21 years. National references were constructed with the LMS method. This method summarises the...article 2005
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de Boer, V.C.J. (author), Dihal, A.A. (author), van der Woude, H. (author), Arts, I.C.W. (author), Wolffram, S. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Keijer, J. (author), Hollman, P.C.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Quercetin is a dietary polyphenolic compound with potentially beneficial effects on health. Claims that quercetin has biological effects are based mainly on in vitro studies with quercetin aglycone. However, quercetin is rapidly metabolized, and we have little knowledge of its availability to tissues. To assess the long-term tissue distribution...article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Grefhorst, A. (author), van Dijk, T.H. (author), Hammer, A. (author), van der Sluijs, F.H. (author), Havinga, R. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Groot, P.H. (author), Reijngoud, D.J. (author), Kuipers, F. (author)Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists have been proposed to act as anti-diabetic drugs. However, pharmacological LXR activation leads to severe hepatic steatosis, a condition usually associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. To address this apparent contradiction, lean and ob/ob mice were treated with the LXR agonist GW-3965 for...article 2005
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Verheijden, M.W. (author), Bakx, J.C. (author), van Weel, C. (author), Koelen, M.A. (author), van Staveren, W.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Social support is important to achieve beneficial changes in risk factors for disease, such as overweight and obesity. This paper presents the theoretical and practical framework for social support, and the mechanisms by which social support affects body weight. The theoretical and practical framework is supported with a literature review...article 2005
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Dhonukshe-Rutten, R.A.M. (author), van Dusseldorp, M. (author), Schneede, J. (author), de Groot, L.C.P.G.M. (author), van Staveren, W.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Cobalamin deficiency is prevalent in vegetarians and has been associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. Aim of the study: To examine the association between cobalamin status and bone mineral density in adolescents formerly fed a macrobiotic diet and in their counterparts. Methods: In this cross-sectional study bone mineral...article 2005
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Olthof, M.R. (author), Brink, E.J. (author), Katan, M.B. (author), Verhoef, P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: A high homocysteine concentration is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease that can be reduced through betaine supplementation. Choline is the precursor for betaine, but the effects of choline supplementation on plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in healthy humans are unknown. Objective: The objective was to...article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Heijboer, A.C. (author), Donga, E. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Dang, Z.C. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Corssmit, E.P.M. (author)Fasting readily induces hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis is associated with hepatic insulin resistance. The purpose of the present study was to document the effects of 16 h of fasting in wild-type mice on insulin sensitivity in liver and skeletal muscle in relation to 1) tissue accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) and 2) changes in mRNA...article 2005
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Schouten, L.J. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Although obesity is an established risk factor for endometrial cancer, evidence linking risk to height, weight change since age 20, and physical activity is limited. In this case-cohort study, 62 573 women from The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer were followed up from 1986 to 1995, and 226 endometrial cancer case patients were...article 2004
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Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Roberts, A. (author), Korte, H. (author), Unkila, M. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Plant lignan 7-hydromatairesinol, a novel precursor of the mammalian lignan enterolactone was evaluated in a prenatal developmental toxicity study conducted in the Wistar rat. Mated female rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.25, 1, and 4% (w/w) of 7-hydroxymatairesinol in the form of potassium acetate complex (HMRlignan; potassium acetate level...article 2004
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bär, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The toxicity of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), a cyclic polymer of six α-1,4-linked glucopyranosyl units with potential applications as a food ingredient, more specifically a water-soluble dietary fiber, was examined in a 4-week range finding study and a 13-week oral toxicity study in rats. In the 4-week study, the test substance was administered to...article 2004
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice was evaluated under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). A workgroup was formed consisting of four pathologists who conducted extended histopathological evaluation of lymphoid tissues obtained from a subset of NTP toxicology studies,...article 2004
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Sierksma, A. (author), Sarkola, T. (author), Eriksson, C.J.P. (author), van der Gaag, M.S. (author), Grobbee, D.E. (author), Hendriks, H.F.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Background: Moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Changes in hormone levels might in part help explain the positive health effect. This study was performed to examine the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), testosterone, and estradiol levels....article 2004
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Sierksma, A. (author), Patel, H. (author), Ouchi, N. (author), Kihara, S. (author), Funahashi, T. (author), Heine, R.J. (author), Grobbee, D.E. (author), Kluft, C. (author), Hendriks, H.F.J. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)OBJECTIVE - Epidemiological studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumers have enhanced insulin sensitivity and a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, has been found to be negatively associated with adiposity and positively associated with insulin sensitivity. Moderate alcohol consumption may...article 2004
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van Dommelen, P. (author), de Gunst, M.C.M. (author), van der Vaart, A.W. (author), van Buuren, S. (author), Boomsma, D.I. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Objective. To determine the magnitude of the growth retardation in Dutch monozygotic and dizygotic twins during infancy in comparison with the Dutch reference growth charts for general population infants from 1997 and to construct reference growth charts for twins. Design. Descriptive. Method. The growth of twins was studied using longitudinal...article 2004
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Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), Smits-Van Prooije, A.E. (author), Bär, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)In a standard embryotoxicity/teratogenicity study, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) was administered to groups of sixteen, artificially inseminated New Zealand White rabbits at dietary concentrations of 0, 5, 10, or 20%. An additional group received a diet containing 20% lactose. Treatment started on day 0 of gestation and ended on day 29 when the animals...article 2004
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Verhoef, P. (author), Steenge, G.R. (author), Boelsma, E. (author), van Vliet, T. (author), Olthof, M.R. (author), Katan, M.B. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Background: A high plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The increase in tHcy induced by methionine, the sole dietary precursor of homocysteine, might be modulated by other amino acids present in dietary proteins. Objectives: Our objectives were to compare the postprandial effect of free and...article 2004
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Snoek, H.M. (author), Huntjens, L. (author), van Gemert, L.J. (author), de Graaf, C. (author), Weenen, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Background: Sensory-specific satiety has been found to play an important role in food choice and meal termination, and it might be a factor contributing to obesity. Objective: We hypothesized that obese and normal-weight people have different sensitivities to sensory-specific satiety for high-fat foods. Design: Sensory-specific satiety was...article 2004
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Koning, M.W. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The present study investigated whether airway responses of sensitized rats to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were concentration dependent and whether these were related to irritation by TMA. Groups of BN and Wistar rats were sensitized by two dermal applications of TMA (50% w/v, followed by 25% w/v in vehicle). Controls received vehicle (acetone...article 2004
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Bemelmans, W.J.E. (author), Broer, J. (author), Hulshof, K.F.A.M. (author), Siero, F.W. (author), May, J.F. (author), Meyboom-de Jong, B. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Background: Treatment of persons at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) should include nutritional counselling, but little is known about the effects of different types of education. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study design the effects of a nutritional education programme (1st year: three group sessions by a dietitian; 2nd year: one...article 2004