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Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), Hoorneman, G. (author), Väänänen, K. (author), Charles, P. (author), Ando, S. (author), Maggiolini, M. (author), Charzewska, J. (author), Rotily, M. (author), Deloraine, A. (author), Heikkinen, J. (author), Juvin, R. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Bone mass and bone geometry are considered to have independent effects on bone strength. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on bone mass and geometry in young female populations and how they are influenced by body size and lifestyle factors. In a cross-sectional, observational study in six European countries, 1116 healthy Caucasian...article 2000
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Hempenius, R.A. (author), Lina, B.A.R. (author), Haggitt, R.C. (author)Arachidonic acid oil (ARA-oil) derived from the fungus Mortierella alpina for use in infant nutrition was tested in a subchronic (13-week) oral toxicity study in rats, preceded by an in utero exposure phase. The ARA-oil was administered as admixture to the rodent diet at dose levels of 3000 ppm, 15,000 ppm and 75,000 ppm. An additional high-dose...article 2000
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Fredriks, A.M. (author), van Buuren, S. (author), Wit, J.M. (author), Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P. (author)Objectives - To compare the distribution of body mass index (BMI) in a national representative study in The Netherlands in 1996-7 with that from a study in 1980. Methods - Cross sectional data on height, weight, and demographics of 14 500 boys and girls of Dutch origin, aged 0-21 years, were collected from 1996 to 1997. BMI references were...article 2000
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Fredriks, A.M. (author), van Buuren, S. (author), Burgmeijer, R.J.F. (author), Meulmeester, J.F. (author), Beuker, R.J. (author), Brugman, E. (author), Roede, M.J. (author), Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P. (author), Wit, J.M. (author)Since 1858, an increase of mean stature has been observed in the Netherlands, reflecting the improving nutritional, hygienic, and health status of the population. In this study, stature, weight, and pubertal development of Dutch youth, derived from four consecutive nationwide cross- sectional growth studies during the past 42 y, are compared to...article 2000
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van de Vijver, L.P.L. (author), Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), Charzewska, J. (author), Rotily, M. (author), Charles, P. (author), Maggiolini, M. (author), Ando, S. (author), Väänänen, K. (author), Wajszczyk, B. (author), Heikkinen, J. (author), Deloraine, A. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Several studies indicate that intake of calcium can inhibit iron absorption especially when taken simultaneously. In the CALEUR study, a cross-sectional study among girls (mean 13.5 y) and young women (mean 22.0 y) in six European countries, the association between calcium intake and iron status was studied. In 1,080 girls and 524 women,...article 1999
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Pasman, W.J. (author), Saris, W.H.M. (author), Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Objective: To obtain predictors of weight maintenance after a weight-loss intervention. Research Methods and Procedures: An overall analysis of data from two-long intervention studies [n = 67 women; age: 37.9±1.0 years; body weight (BW): 87.0±1.2 kg; body mass index: 32.1±0.5 kg·m-2; % body fat: 42.4±0.5%]. Subjects were measured before a very...article 1999
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Bruder, M.C. (author), Spanhaak, S. (author), Bruijntjes, J.P. (author), Michielsen, C.P.P.C. (author), Vos, J.G. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In order to study the intestinal mucosal immune cells, with emphasis on single T lymphocytcs, an inventory was made of single and organized lymphocytes in the epithelium and lamina propria of the small intestines of untreated Wistar, Fischer 344, and Lewis rats. The single and organized lymphocytes were examined microscopically. In addition, the...article 1999
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Whittaker, M.H. (author), Frankos, V.H. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Plant stanol esters are intended for use as an ingredient in food to reduce the absorption of cholesterol from the gastrointestinal tract. Consumption of plant stanol esters has a demonstrated diet-derived public health benefit, as shown by numerous clinical studies. Plant stanol esters are ring-saturated analogs of common dietary sterols that...article 1999
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Pasman, W.J. (author), Muls, G. (author), Vansant, G. (author), Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S. (author), Saris, W.H.M. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of exercise training and dietary macronutrient composition on 24 h substrate oxidation in male, obese subjects. DESIGN: A 16 month exercise intervention study was executed, including a weight loss period with a very low energy diet (VLED) for 2 months at the start of the study. SUBJECTS: Twelve male, obese...article 1999
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Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Wijnands, M.V.W. (author), Richold, M. (author), Hepburn, P.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Phytosterol esters (PE) are intended for use as a novel food ingredient with plasma cholesterol lowering activity which works by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol from the gut. Although PE are naturally present in the normal diet, the levels are insufficiently large to ensure lowering of plasma cholesterol levels. Therefore PE may be...article 1999
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Dormans, J.A.M.A. (author), Steerenberg, P.A. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), van Bree, L. (author), de Klerk, A. (author), Verlaan, A.P.J. (author), Bruijntjes, J.P. (author), Beekhof, P. (author), van Soolingen, D. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In this study the effects of inhalatory exposure to coal fly ash on lung pathology and the immune system in rats were examined. Rats were exposed to 0, 10, 30, or 100 mg/m3 coal fly ash (6 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 4 wk, or to 0 and 100 mg/m3 for 1 wk, and for 1 wk followed by a recovery in clean air of 3 wk. A concentration-related increase in lung...article 1999
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Kirev, T. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Kiril, A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The effects of a diet enriched with 25% raw soya bean flour (RSF) on the pancreas and on the avian retrovirus Pts 56-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in guinea fowl were studied. It has been shown that prolonged RSF feeding of new-hatched virus-infected and uninfected guinea fowl-poults induced enlargement of the pancreas, which was less...article 1999
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Turnbull, D. (author), Frankos, V.H. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)To test for potential estrogenic activity of plant stanols and plant stanol esters, two short-term tests were performed. These were the E-screen test, which measures a substance's ability to induce proliferation of estrogen-responsive human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells in culture, and an in vivo test, which measures uterotrophic activity...article 1999
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Bär, A. (author), Lina, B.A.R. (author), de Groot, D.M.G. (author), de Bie, B. (author), Appel, M.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)D-Tagatose is an incompletely absorbed ketohexose (stereoisomer of D-fructose) which has potential as an energy-reduced alternative sweetener. In an earlier 90-day toxicity study, rats fed diets with 10, 15 and 20% D-tagatose exhibited increased liver weights, but no histopathological alterations. To determine whether there might be any...article 1999
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), van den Berg, H. (author)Chemicals/CAS: Homocysteine, 454-28-4; Proteins; Pyridoxic Acid, 82-82-6; Pyridoxine, 65-23-6article 1999
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Gerrits, W.J.J. (author), Schrama, J.W. (author), Tamminga, S. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)A previous study showed that the marginal efficiency of utilization of digestible nitrogen for deposition in the body in preruminant calves is only ~30%. The study consisted of two similar experiments that were performed in two live weight ranges: 80-160 and 160-240 kg. In each experiment, 36 calves were allotted to one of twelve dietary...article 1998
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- Burgmeijer, R.J.F. (author), van Wieringen, J.C. (author) bookPart 1998
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Boshuizen, H.C. (author), Verkerk, P.H. (author), Reerink, J.D. (author), Herngreen, W.P. (author), Zaadstra, B.M. (author), Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)A recent article by Little et al. (Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:544-54) reported that infants in Seattle, Washington, who were breastfed by mothers who smoked gained more weight than either infants who were breastfed by mothers who did not smoke or infants who were bottle-fed by mothers who smoked. In this study, the authors aimed to verify this...article 1998
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Til, H.P. (author), Bär, A. (author)The oral toxicity of γ-cyclodextrin (γ- CD) was examined in a 13-week feeding study in which four groups of four male and four female Beagle dogs received γ-CD in the diet at concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, or 20%. No treatment-related changes were noted in behavior or appearance of the dogs and no mortalities occurred. Transient diarrhea...article 1998
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Zoetelief, J. (author), Wagemaker, G. (author), Broerse, J.J. (author), Centrum voor Stralingsbescherming en Dosimetrie TNO (author)Purpose: To obtain more accurate information on the dose distribution in rhesus monkeys for total body irradiation with orthovoltage X-rays. Materials and methods: Dose measurements were performed with an ionization chamber inside homogeneous cylindrical and rectangular phantoms of various dimensions and in phantoms containing lung-equivalent...article 1998