Black weathering of Bentheim and Obernkirchen sandstone

Black weathering of sandstone in monuments is widespread. Some obiects owe their name to it, like the Porta Nigra in Triet (Germany). Other than the black gypsum crusts common on limestone, the black weathering layer on sandstone is rather thin and well adhe¡ent. Formation of such layers on Bentheim and Obernkirchen sandstone, both widely used...

Laser cleaning of Rakowicze sandstone

Decisions about the cleaning of natural stone should always be made within the awareness of direct and indirect damage that may be the result of cleaning. During the last decade, laser cleaning of objects and monuments of natural stone has become increasingly popular. Whereas a considerable amount of literature has been devoted to the effect of...