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Santonen, T. (author), Mahiout, S. (author), Alvito, P. (author), Apel, P. (author), Bessems, J. (author), Bil, W. (author), Borges, T. (author), Bose-O'Reilly, S. (author), Buekers, J. (author), Canas Portilla, A.I. (author), Calvo, A.C. (author), de Alba González, M. (author), Dominguez-Morueco, N. (author), Lopez, M.E. (author), Falnoga, I. (author), Gerofke, A. (author), Caballero, M.D.C.G. (author), Horvat, M. (author), Huuskonen, P. (author), Kadikis, N. (author), Kolossa-Gehring, M. (author), Lange, R. (author), Louro, H. (author), Martins, C. (author), Meslin, M. (author), Niemann, L. (author), Diaz, S.P. (author), Plichta, V. (author), Porras, S.P. (author), Rousselle, C. (author), Scholten, B. (author), Silva, M.J. (author), Šlejkovec, Z. (author), Tratnik, J.S. (author), Joksic, A.Š. (author), Tarazona, J.V. (author), Uhl, M. (author), van Nieuwenhuyse, A. (author), Viegas, S. (author), Vinggaard, A.M. (author), Woutersen, M. (author), Schoeters, G. (author)One of the aims of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative, HBM4EU, was to provide examples of and good practices for the effective use of human biomonitoring (HBM) data in human health risk assessment (RA). The need for such information is pressing, as previous research has indicated that regulatory risk assessors generally lack knowledge...article 2023
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Scholten, B. (author), Westerhout, J. (author), Pronk, A. (author), Stierum, R. (author), Vlaanderen, J. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author), Jones, K. (author), Santonen, T. (author), Portengen, L. (author)Diisocyanates are highly reactive substances and known causes of occupational asthma. Exposure occurs mainly in the occupational setting and can be assessed through biomonitoring which accounts for inhalation and dermal exposure and potential effects of protective equipment. However the interpretation of biomonitoring data can be challenging for...article 2023
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Huuskonen, P. (author), Karakitsios, S. (author), Scholten, B. (author), Westerhout, J. (author), Sarigiannis, D.A. (author), Santonen, T. (author)The aim of this work was to demonstrate how human biomonitoring (HBM) data can be used to assess cancer risks for workers and the general population. Ortho-toluidine, OT (CAS 95-53-4) is an aniline derivative which is an animal and human carcinogen and may cause methemoglobinemia. OT is used as a curing agent in epoxy resins and as intermediate...article 2022
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Figueiredo, D.M. (author), Krop, E.J.M. (author), Duyzer, J. (author), Gerritsen-Ebben, R.M. (author), Gooijer, Y.M. (author), Holterman, H.J. (author), Huss, A. (author), Jacobs, C.M.J. (author), Kivits, C.M. (author), Kruijne, R. (author), Mol, H.J.G.J. (author), Oerlemans, A. (author), Sauer, P.J.J. (author), Scheepers, P.T.J. (author), van de Zande, J.C. (author), van den Berg, E. (author), Wenneker, M. (author), Vermeulen, R.C.H. (author)Background: Application of pesticides in the vicinity of homes has caused concern regarding possible health effects in residents living nearby. However, the high spatiotemporal variation of pesticide levels and lack of knowledge regarding the contribution of exposure routes greatly complicates exposure assessment approaches. Objective: The...article 2021
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Oerlemans, A. (author), Figueiredo, D.M. (author), Mol, J.G.J. (author), Nijssen, R. (author), Anzion, R.B.M. (author), van Dael, M.f.P. (author), Duyzer, J. (author), Roeleveld, N. (author), Russel, F.G.M. (author), Vermeulen, R.C.H. (author), Scheepers, P.T.J. (author)Background: Residential exposure to pesticides may occur via inhalation of airborne pesticides, direct skin contacts with pesticide-contaminated surfaces, and consumption of food containing pesticide residues. The aim was to study the association of dermal exposure to pesticides between the use and non-use periods, between farmer and non-farmer...article 2021
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Kuijpers, E. (author), van Wel, L. (author), Loh, M. (author), Galea, K.S. (author), Makris, K.C. (author), Stierum, R. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Pronk, A. (author)Introduction: Oil and gas workers have been shown to be at increased risk of chronic diseases including cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hearing loss, among others. Technological advances may be used to assess the external (e.g. personal sensors, smartphone apps and online platforms, exposure models) and internal...article 2021
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Scholten, B. (author), Laura Kenny, L. (author), Duca, R.C. (author), Pronk, A. (author), Santonen, T. (author), Galea, K.S. (author), Loh, M. (author), Huumonen, K. (author), Sleeuwenhoek, A. (author), Creta, M. (author), Godderis, L. (author), Jones, K. (author)Diisocyanates are a group of chemicals that are widely used in occupational settings. They are known to induce various health effects, including skin- and respiratory tract sensitization resulting in allergic dermatitis and asthma. Exposure to diisocyanates has been studied in the past decades by using different types of biomonitoring markers...article 2020
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Louro, H. (author), Heinälä, M. (author), Bessems, J. (author), Buekers, J. (author), Vermeire, T. (author), Woutersen, M. (author), van Engelen, J. (author), Borges, T. (author), Rousselle, C. (author), Ougier, E. (author), Alvito, P. (author), Martins, C. (author), Assunção, R. (author), Silva, M.J. (author), Pronk, A. (author), Schaddelee-Scholten, B. (author), del carmen Gonzalez, M. (author), de Alba, M. (author), Castaño, A. (author), Viegas, S. (author), Humar-Juric, T. (author), Kononenko, L. (author), Lampen, A. (author), Vinggaard, A.M. (author), Schoeters, G. (author), Kolossa-Gehring, M. (author), Santonen, T. (author)Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an important tool to survey the internal exposure of humans which represents the real life chemical body burden to chemicals and/or their metabolites. It results from total exposure to chemical substances from different sources and via different routes. These substances may be regulated under different legislative...article 2019
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Nickel, S. (author), Schröder, W. (author), Schmalfuss, R. (author), Saathoff, M. (author), Harmens, H. (author), Mills, G. (author), Frontasyeva, M.V. (author), Barandovski, L. (author), Blum, O. (author), Carballeira, A. (author), de Temmerman, L. (author), Dunaev, A.M. (author), Ene, A. (author), Fagerli, H. (author), Godzik, B. (author), Ilyin, I. (author), Jonkers, S. (author), Jeran, Z. (author), Lazo, P. (author), Leblond, S. (author), Liiv, S. (author), Mankovska, B. (author), Núñez-Olivera, E. (author), Piispanen, J. (author), Poikolainen, J. (author), Popescu, I.V. (author), Qarri, F. (author), Santamaria, J.M. (author), Schaap, M. (author), Skudnik, M. (author), Špirić, Z. (author), Stafilov, T. (author), Steinnes, E. (author), Stihi, C. (author), Suchara, I. (author), Uggerud, H.T. (author), Zechmeister, H.G. (author)Background: This paper aims to investigate the correlations between the concentrations of nine heavy metals in moss and atmospheric deposition within ecological land classes covering Europe. Additionally, it is examined to what extent the statistical relations are affected by the land use around the moss sampling sites. Based on moss data...article 2018
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Steckling, N. (author), Gotti, A. (author), Bose-O'Reilly, S. (author), Chapizanis, D. (author), Costopoulou, D. (author), de Vocht, F. (author), Garí, M. (author), Grimalt, J.O. (author), Heath, E. (author), Hiscock, R. (author), Jagodic, M. (author), Karakitsios, S.P. (author), Kedikoglou, K. (author), Kosjek, T. (author), Leondiadis, L. (author), Maggos, T. (author), Mazej, D. (author), Polańska, K. (author), Povey, A. (author), Rovira, J. (author), Schoierer, J. (author), Schuhmacher, M. (author), Špirić, Z. (author), Stajnko, A. (author), Stierum, R. (author), Tratnik, J.S. (author), Vassiliadou, I. (author), Annesi-Maesano, I. (author), Horvat, M. (author), Sarigiannis, D.A. (author)Background: The European Union's 7th Framework Programme (EU's FP7) project HEALS – Health and Environment-wide Associations based on Large Population Surveys – aims a refinement of the methodology to elucidate the human exposome. Human biomonitoring (HBM) provides a valuable tool for understanding the magnitude of human exposure from all...article 2018
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Nickel, S. (author), Schröder, W. (author), Wosniok, W. (author), Harmens, H. (author), Frontasyeva, M.V. (author), Alber, R. (author), Aleksiayenak, J. (author), Barandovski, L. (author), Blum, O. (author), Danielsson, H. (author), de Temmermann, L. (author), Dunaev, A.M. (author), Fagerli, H. (author), Godzik, B. (author), Ilyin, I. (author), Jonkers, S. (author), Jeran, Z. (author), Pihl Karlsson, G. (author), Lazo, P. (author), Leblond, S. (author), Liiv, S. (author), Magnússon, S.H. (author), Mankovska, B. (author), Martínez-Abaigar, J. (author), Piispanen, J. (author), Poikolainen, J. (author), Popescu, I.V. (author), Qarri, F. (author), Radnovic, D. (author), Santamaria, J.M. (author), Schaap, M. (author), Skudnik, M. (author), Špirić, Z. (author), Stafilov, T. (author), Steinnes, E. (author), Stihi, C. (author), Suchara, I. (author), Thöni, L. (author), Uggerud, H.T. (author), Zechmeister, H.G. (author)Objective This study explores the statistical relations between the concentration of nine heavy metals (HM) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn)), and nitrogen (N) in moss and potential explanatory variables (predictors) which were then used for mapping spatial...article 2017
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Casas, M. (author), Chevrier, C. (author), Hond, E.D. (author), Fernandez, M.F. (author), Pierik, F. (author), Philippat, C. (author), Slama, R. (author), Toft, G. (author), Vandentorren, S. (author), Wilhelm, M. (author), Vrijheid, M. (author)There are emerging concerns about potential effects on child health and development of early-life exposure to substances such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), phthalates and phenols (including bisphenol A (BPA)); pregnancy and birth cohort studies are ideally designed to study such concerns prospectively....article 2013
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Noort, D. (author), Hulst, A.G. (author), van Zuylen, A. (author), van Rijssel, E. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)We here report on the covalent binding of various organophosphorothioate (OPT) pesticides to albumin at in vitro exposure levels that did not give rise to butyrylcholinesterase inhibition. Adduct formation occurred at the Tyr-411 residue of albumin, as was firmly corroborated by LC-tandem MS analysis of a pepsin digest of OPT-modified albumin....article 2009
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Nohynek, G.J. (author), Meuling, W.J.A. (author), Vaes, W.H.J. (author), Lawrence, R.S. (author), Shapiro, S. (author), Schulte, S. (author), Steiling, W. (author), Bausch, J. (author), Gerber, E. (author), Sasa, H. (author), Nau, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Vitamin A is widely used in cosmetic preparations. Given that oral Vitamin A and its metabolites present a potential reproductive risk, the present study investigated the effect of topical Vitamin A on human endogenous plasma levels of Vitamin A and its metabolites. Methods: Two groups of 14 female volunteers of child-bearing age...article 2006
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Noort, D. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)An overview is presented of the major methods that are presently available for biomonitoring of exposure to chemical warfare agents, i.e., nerve agents and sulfur mustard. These methods can be applied for a variety of purposes such as diagnosis and dosimetry of exposure of casualties, verification of nonadherence to the Chemical Weapon...bookPart 2006
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Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Polhuijs, M. (author), van Dijk, C. (author), Degenhardt, C.E.A.M. (author), Pleijsier, K. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)The utility was explored of a new approach to detect retrospectively exposure to nerve agents by means of conversion of the inhibitor moiety bound to the active site of the enzyme BuChE in plasma with fluoride ions into a phosphofluoridate which is subsequently analyzed by means of gas chromatography (GC). This quantifies ≥0.01% inhibition of...article 2004
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Noort, D. (author), Hulst, A.G. (author), Jansen, R. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)Covalent binding of various clinically important nitrogen mustards to the cysteine-34 residue of human serum albumin, in vitro and in vivo, is demonstrated. A rapid method for detection of these adducts is presented, based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the adducted tripeptide Cys*-Pro-Phe after digestion of the...article 2002
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Noort, D. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Black, R.M. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)In this report an overview of the methods currently available for detection of exposure to a number of chemical warfare agents (CWA), i.e., sulfur mustard, lewisite and nerve agents, is presented. Such methods can be applied for various purposes, e.g., diagnosis and dosimetry of exposure of casualties, confirmation of nonexposure, verification...article 2002
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Albertini, R.J. (author), Anderson, D. (author), Douglas, G.R. (author), Hagmar, L. (author), Hemminki, K. (author), Merlo, F. (author), Natarajan, A.T. (author), Norppa, H. (author), Shuker, D.E.G. (author), Tice, R. (author), Waters, M.D. (author), Aitio, A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Bibra (author)The purpose of these guidelines is to provide concise guidance on the planning, performing and interpretation of studies to monitor groups or individuals exposed to genotoxic agents. Most human carcinogens are genotoxic but not all genotoxic agents have been shown to be carcinogenic in humans. Although the main interest in these studies is due...article 2000
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Reis, M.A. (author), Alves, L.C. (author), Freitas, M.C. (author), van Os, B. (author), Wolterbeek, H.T. (author), Netherlands Geological Survey (author)Parmelia sulcata transplants, collected in a non-polluted area, were exposed to new atmospheric conditions at six stations, of which five were located near power plants and one at an unpolluted area. Data were collected for a 1-year period, on rainfall, airborne particulates, elemental deposition and on lichen elemental composition. The study...article 1999