Joint analysis of deposition fluxes and atmospheric concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and sulphur compounds predicted by six chemistry transport models in the frame of the EURODELTAIII project

In the framework of the UNECE Task Force on Measurement and Modelling (TFMM) under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), the EURODELTAIII project is evaluating how well air quality models are able to reproduce observed pollutant air concentrations and deposition fluxes in Europe. In this paper the sulphur and nitrogen...

Modelling and mapping heavy metal and nitrogen concentrations in moss in 2010 throughout Europe by applying Random Forests models

Objective This study explores the statistical relations between the concentration of nine heavy metals (HM) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn)), and nitrogen (N) in moss and potential explanatory variables (predictors) which were then used for mapping spatial...

Evaluation of seven chemistry transport models in the framework of eurodelta III intercomparison exercise

The EURODELTA III (ED-III) exercise aimed to perform a comprehensive chemistry transport model inter-comparison study exploiting the data from four intensive measurement campaigns carried out by EMEP. The campaigns were held in different seasons (1–30 June 2006; 8 January–4 February 2007; 17 September–15 October 2008; 25 February–26 March 2009)...

Life-cycle assessment framework for indoor emissions of synthetic nanoparticles

Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a well-established method to evaluate impacts of chemicals on the environment and human health along the lifespan of products. However, the increasingly produced and applied nanomaterials (defined as one dimension

Implementation and evaluation of pH-dependent cloud chemistry and wetdeposition in the chemical transport model REM-Calgrid

The Chemistry Transport Model REM-Calgrid (RCG) has been improved by implementing an enhanced description of aqueous-phase chemistry and wet deposition processes including droplet pH. A sensitivity study on cloud and rain droplet pH has been performed to investigate its impact on model sulphate production and gas wet scavenging. Air...

Development of APCVD process for high quality TCO

For the past decade TNO has been involved in the research and development of atmospheric pressure CVD (APCVD) and plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) processes for deposition of transparent conductive oxides (TCO), such as tin oxide and zinc oxide. The use of atmospheric deposition processes allows for large scale roll to roll manufacturing, and is...

Xeno-estrogenic compounds in precipitation

The exposure to some chemicals can lead to hormone disrupting effects. Presently, much attention is focused on so-called xeno-estrogens, synthetic compounds that interact with hormone receptors causing a number of reactions that eventually lead to effects related to reproduction and development. The current study was initiated to investigate the...

Brake wear from vehicles as an important source of diffuse copper pollution

In this article we show that brake wear from road traffic vehicles is an important source of atmospheric (participate) copper concentrations in Europe. Consequently, brake wear also contributes significantly to deposition fluxes of copper to surface waters. We estimated the copper emission due to brake wear to be 2.4 kiloton per year. For...

Factors controlling regional differences in forest soil emission of nitrogen oxides (NO and N2O)

Soil emissions of NO and N2O were measured continuously at high frequency for more than one year at 15 European forest sites as part of the EU-funded project NOFRETETE. The locations represent different forest types (coniferous/deciduous) and different nitrogen loads. Geographically they range from Finland in the north to Italy in the south and...

Indirect N2O emission due to atmospheric N deposition for the Netherlands

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas produced in soils and aquatic systems. The UNFCCC requires participants to report 'indirect' N2O emissions, following from agricultural N losses to ground- and surface water and N deposition on (other) ecosystems due to agricultural sources. Indirect N2O emission due to atmospheric N deposition is...

Regional atmospheric budgets of reduced nitrogen over the British isles assessed using a multi-layer atmospheric transport model

Atmospheric budgets of reduced nitrogen for the major political regions of the British Isles are investigated with a multi-layer atmospheric transport model. The model is validated against measurements of NH3 concentration and is developed to provide atmospheric budgets for defined subdomains of the British Isles. The study shows that NH3...

Atmospheric nitrogen inputs into the North Sea: Effect on productivity

The ANICE (Atmospheric Nitrogen Inputs into the Coastal Ecosystem) project addressed the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the North Sea, with emphasis on coastal effects. ANlCE focused on quantifying the deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to the North Sea and the governing processes. An overview of the results from modelling and...

An integrated assessment of regional air pollution and climate change in Europe: Findings of the AIR-CLIM project

This paper presents results of an assessment of the linkages between regional air pollution and climate change in Europe (the AIR-CLIM Project). The main research tool was an integrated modeling framework and the main product was a consistent set of long-term scenarios covering Europe between 1995 and 2100. Scenarios consisted of trends in...

Throughfall monitoring at 4 sites in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2001

During one year throughfall was measured in four Level II forest sitesin the Netherlands as part of the PAN European monitoring programme for the Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems. The data for the monitoring year 2001 are reported and a canopy exchange model was applied to estimate the atmospheric deposition to these sites. The...

Assessment of the atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur inputs into the North Sea using a Lagrangian model

The atmospheric chemistry and deposition model has been applied for calculation of nitrogen and sulphur depositions to the entire North Sea area for the year 1999. The total atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur depositions to the North Sea area were determined to 709 kton (kt) N and 551 kt S, respectively. Since the North Sea area was calculated to...

Atmospheric input of nitrogen into the North Sea: ANICE project overview.

The aim of the atmospheric nitrogen inputs into the coastal ecosystem (ANICE) project is to improve transport-chemistry models that estimate nitrogen deposition to the sea. To achieve this, experimental and modelling work is being conducted which aims to improve understanding of the processes involved in the chemical transformation, transport...

Throughfall monitoring at 4 sites in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2000

During one year throughfall was measured in four level II forest sites in the Netherlands as part of the PAN European monitoring programme for the Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems. The data for the monitoring year 2000 are reported and a canopy exchange model was applied to estimate the atmospheric deposition to these sites. The...

The aerosol project: Introduction and some background information

This paper provides an introduction to a series of publications in this issue of Atmospheric Environment, all summarising the results of the 'Aerosol project'. The aim of this project was (i) to quantify the contribution of acidifying aerosols to the total acid input in nature areas, (ii) to determine the contribution of aerosol deposition and...