Influence of Atmospheric Transport on Estimates of Variability in the Global Methane Burden

We quantify the impact of atmospheric transport and limited marine boundary layer sampling on changes in global and regional methane burdens estimate using tracer transport model simulations with annually repeating methane emissions and sinks but varying atmospheric transport patterns. We find the 1σ error due to this transport and sampling...

Marine boundary layer investigations in the False Bay, supported by optical refraction and scintillation measurements

Knowledge on the marine boundary layer is of importance for the prediction of the optical image quality obtained from long range targets. One property of the boundary layer, that can be studied rather easily by means of optical refraction measurements, is the vertical temperature profile. This profile can be compared with the profile, as...

Computational fluid dynamics study on two-phase CO2 dispersion in a neutral atmosphere

A large release of Carbon Dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) is modelled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), (Fluent v12.1). Special attention is given to the modelling of a neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with gravity. Both the presence of non-vapour CO<inf>2</inf> and the high density of CO<inf>2</inf> require that the effect of gravity is...

Refraction measurements and modeling over the Chesapeake Bay during the NATO (TG-51) SAPPHIRE trials, June 2006

Optical refraction tends to occur frequently in the atmospheric boundary layer. Due to a gradient in the temperature as function of height, rays are bending down towards the earth (super-refraction), or up towards to the sky (sub-refraction). As a consequence, images of targets at long range may be distorted and mirages may occur, while the...

Satellite and Ship-based Lidar Measurements of Optical Depth during EOPACE

Knowledge of the coastal MABL for the entire battlespace is critical for modern Navy operations. To support modern weapon and sensor systems, quantitative assessment of a number of MABL properties are needed. They include: optical depth, boundary layer depth, sea surface temperature, and surface layer temperature and moisture. These needs are...

Velocity-pressure correlation in stagnation and separation regions on surface-mounted prisms

Experiments are presented for a 1:50 scale model of the Wind Engineering Research Field Laboratory (WERFL) experimental building located on the Texas Tech University campus in Lubbock, Texas. The model was immersed in three different boundary layers generated in the Clemson University wind tunnel. These flows closely simulated the lowest 50 m of...

Satellite and Ship-based Lidar Estimates of Optical Depth during EOPACE

Coastal Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) aerosol optical depth is estimated from satellite data and compared with ship-based aerosol and lidar backscatter measurements, aircraft-measured aerosol, and rawinsonde data during the EO Propagation Assessment in Coastal Environments (EOPACE) Intense Observing Period (IOP) during April 1996. In...

Numerical simulations of sea spray aerosols

MAPTIP - Marine Aerosol Properties and Thermal Imager Performance: Summary and initial results

The marine aerosol properties and thermal imager performance trial (MAPTIP) was conducted by NATO AC/243 Panel 04/RSG.8 and 04/RSG.5 in the Dutch coastal waters during the fall of 1993. The main objectives of the trial were (1) to assess marine boundary layer effects on thermal imaging systems and (2) to improve and validate vertical marine...

Modeling aerosols and extinction in the marine atmospheric boundary layer

An analysis is presented of aerosol particle size distributions measured over the North Atlantic and extinction coefficients derived from these data. Two empirical models, an aerosol model and an extinction model, are formulated in terms of simple meteorological parameters (wind speed, relative humidity, air temperature and sea temperature). The...

NOVAM evaluation from aerosol and lidar measurements in a tropical marine environment

NOVAM, the Naval Oceanic Vertical Aerosol Model, has been developed to predict the nonuniform and nonlogarithmic extinction profiles that are often observed in the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The kernel of NOVAM is the Navy Aerosol Model (NAM) that calculates the aerosol size distribution at 10 m ASL from meteorological parameters. The...