Advanced REACH tool: A Bayesian model for occupational exposure assessment

This paper describes a Bayesian model for the assessment of inhalation exposures in an occupational setting; the methodology underpins a freely available web-based application for exposure assessment, the Advanced REACH Tool (ART). The ART is a higher tier exposure tool that combines disparate sources of information within a Bayesian statistical...

A brief review of environmentally benign antifouling and foul-release coatings for marine applications

Antifouling coatings for ship hulls are a very important topic in coating research. They are essential with respect to fuel consumption of ships: without antifouling coating, biological species start to adhere to the ship's exterior, leading to a gradual increase in fuel consumption. To date, the working principle of most of the paint systems...

Bacterial assay for the rapid assessment of antifouling and fouling release properties of coatings and materials

An assay has been developed to accurately quantify the growth and release behaviour of bacterial biofilms on several test reference materials and coatings, using the marine bacterium Cobetia marina as a model organism. The assay can be used to investigate the inhibition of bacterial growth and release properties of many surfaces when compared to...

Poly(ethylene glycol)-based thiol-ene hydrogel coatings: Curing chemistry, aqueous stability, and potential marine antifouling applications

Photocured thiol-ene hydrogel coatings based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were investigated for marine antifouling purposes. By varying the PEG length, vinylic end-group, and thiol cross-linker, a library of hydrogel coatings with different structural composition was efficiently accomplished, with or without ester linkages. The thiol...

The potential of nano-structured silicon oxide type coatings deposited by PACVD for control of aquatic biofouling

SiOx-like coatings were deposited on glass slides from a hexamethylsiloxane precursor by plasma-assisted CVD (PACVD). Surface energies (23.1-45.7 mJ m-1) were correlated with the degree of surface oxidation and hydrocarbon contents. Tapping mode AFM revealed a range of surface topologies with Ra values 1.55-3.16 nm and RMS roughness 1.96-4.11 nm...

Poly(ethylene glycol)-containing hydrogel surfaces for antifouling applications in marine and freshwater environments

This work describes the fabrication, characterization, and biological evaluation of a thin protein-resistant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel coating for antifouling applications. The coating was fabricated by free-radical polymerization on silanized glass and silicon and on polystyrene-covered silicon and gold. The physicochemical...

Antifouling in de jachtbouw

Corrosiepreventie en antifouling in de jachtbouw

Occupational exposure during application and removal of antifouling paints

Exposure data on biocides are relatively rare in published literature, especially for secondary exposure. This is also the case for antifouling exposure. Therefore, a field study was carried out measuring exposure to antifouling paints. Both primary exposure (rolling and spraying) and secondary exposure (during sand blasting) were studied....

Monitoring of the booster biocide dichlofluanid in water and marine sediment of Greek marinas

Dichlofluanid (N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N′-dimethyl-N- phenylsulphamide) is used as booster biocide in antifouling paints. The occurrence of dichlofluanid and its metabolite DMSA (N′-dimethyl-N-phenyl- sulphamide) was monitored in seawater and marine sediment from three Greek marinas. Seawater and sediment samples were collected at three...

Critical aspects in the determination of the antifouling compound dichlofluanid and its metabolite DMSA (N,N-dimethyl-N′-phenylsulfamide) in seawater and marine sediments

A straightforward method based on GC-MS was developed to determine the booster biocide dichlofluanid and its metabolite DMSA in sediment and water. Special attention was paid to conservation of samples, conversion of dichlofluanid to DMSA during analysis and the effect dichlofluanid-containing paint particles might have on the analysis results....

Bioassays and selected chemical analysis of biocide-free antifouling coatings

Over the years several types of biocide-free antifouling paints have entered the market. The prohibition of biocidal antifouling paints in special areas of some European countries such as Sweden, Denmark and Germany has favoured the introduction of these paints to the market. Several types of biocide-free antifouling paints were subjected to...

The effect of gregariousness in cyprid settlement assays

The in vitro settlement assay using cyprids of Balanus, amphitrite is an important tool in basic and applied research. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of gregariousness within these assays, and to determine the interaction between gregariousness and container size, and settlement promoters and inhibitors. Assays with 1, 5, 10,...

Bestrijdingsmiddelen in stroomgebieden en grondwaterbeschermingsgebieden in de provincie Utrecht. Berekeningen voor landbouw- en niet- landbouwtoepassingen vanuit diffuse bronnen

Repetitive testing of TBTO, Sea-Nine 211 and farnesol using Balanus Amphitrite (Darwin) cypris larvae: Variability in larval sensitivity

Settlement inhibition assays with mass cultured cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite are widely used in (anti)fouling research. In this study, TBTO, Sea-Nine 211 and farnesol were tested repeatedly using multiple batches of larvae to study variability in larval sensitivity. There were significant differences in EC50 values among...