Gramicidin S derivatives containing cis- and trans-morpholine amino acids (MAAS) as turn mimetics

The cyclic decapeptide gramicidin S (GS) was used as a model for the evaluation of four turn mimetics. For this purpose, one of the D-Phe-Pro two-residue turn motifs in the rigid cyclic β-hairp0in structure of GS was replaced with morpholine amino acids (MAA 2-5), differing in stereochemistry and length of the side-chain. The conformational...

Evaluation of the antibacterial spectrum of drosocin analogues

Drosocin is a 19-mer, cationic antimicrobial peptide from Drosophila melanogaster. The aim of the study was to examine the antibacterial spectrum of unglycosylated drosocin analogues. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence of DnaK, drosocin's intracellular target, from susceptible species was aligned and studied for sequence homology. From this a...

Monitoring of the booster biocide dichlofluanid in water and marine sediment of Greek marinas

Dichlofluanid (N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N′-dimethyl-N- phenylsulphamide) is used as booster biocide in antifouling paints. The occurrence of dichlofluanid and its metabolite DMSA (N′-dimethyl-N-phenyl- sulphamide) was monitored in seawater and marine sediment from three Greek marinas. Seawater and sediment samples were collected at three...

Etiology of atopy in infancy: The KOALA Birth Cohort Study

The aim of the KOALA Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands is to identify factors that influence the clinical expression of atopic disease with a main focus on lifestyle (e.g., anthroposophy, vaccinations, antibiotics, dietary habits, breastfeeding and breast milk composition, intestinal microflora composition, infections during the first year...

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry study towards the pH and temperature-induced N-acyl migration in polymyxin B

In the course of the synthesis and purification of new polymyxins and analogues, formation of a by-product with identical mass was observed and it was believed that this might be the result of acyl migration from the Nα- to the Nγ-position of residue α,γ-diaminobutyric acid 1 (Dab1) under acidic conditions. Therefore, a LC-MS/MS study was...

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of farnesyl diphosphate mimetics

The synthesis and first antimicrobial evaluation of farnesyl diphosphate mimetics are described. Several analogues (10, 12, 13, and 20) are inhibitors of Candida albicans, Shizosaccharomyces pombe, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The activities of analogues 10, 12, and 13, which contain a ω-phenyl moiety and a diphosphate isostere, are not...

Erytromycine bij prematuur gebroken vliezen gunstig voor de gezondheid van het kind [Erythromycin for premature rupture of membranes is beneficial for infant]

In the 'Overview of the role of antibiotics in curtailing labour and early delivery'(ORACLE I)-trial in women with premature rupture of membranes, the use of erythromycin was found to be associated with a decrease in the primary composite outcome (neonatal death, chronic lung disease or major cerebral abnormality on ultrasound; p = 0.08) and in...

Staphylococcus aureus resistance to human defensins and evasion of neutrophil killing via the novel virulence factor MprF is based on modification of membrane lipids with L-lysine

Defensins, antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system, protect human mucosal epithelia and skin against microbial infections and are produced in large amounts by neutrophils. The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is insensitive to defensins by virtue of an unknown resistance mechanism. We describe a novel staphylococcal gene, mprF...

Antibiotics in preterm labour [6] (multiple letters)

Chemicals/CAS: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin, 114-07-8

Systemic bioavailability of erythromycin in cattle when applied by footbath

Chemicals/CAS: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin, 114-07-8

Effects of combined exposure of Micrococcus luteus to nisin and pulsed electric fields

Death and injury following exposure of Micrococcus luteus to nisin and pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment were investigated in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8, σ = 4.8 ms/cm at 20°C). Four types of experiment were carried out, a single treatment with nisin (100 IU/ml at 20°C for 2 h), a single PEF treatment, a PEF treatment followed by incubation...

Transformation of carbon tetrachloride in an anaerobic packed-bed reactor without addition of another electron donor

Carbon tetrachloride (52 μM) was biodegraded for more than 72% in an anaerobic packed-bed reactor without addition of an external electron donor. The chloride mass balance demonstrated that all carbon tetrachloride transformed was completely dechlorinated. Chloroform and dichloromethane were sometimes also found as transformation products, but...

Inhibition of MMP synthesis by doxycycline and chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) in human endothelial cells

Doxycycline is a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic. Recently, it has been shown that it also inhibits the activity of mammalian collagenases and gelatinases, an activity unrelated to its antimicrobial efficacy. In this study, we show that doxycycline not only inhibits MMP-8 and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) activity, but also the synthesis of MMPs...

Doxycycline inhibits collagen synthesis by differentiated articular chondrocytes.

Doxycycline (DOX) profoundly inhibited collagen synthesis by differentiated articular chondrocytes. At 25 microM, the rate of collagen synthesis was suppressed by more than 50% without affecting cell proliferation (DNA levels) and general protein synthesis (35S-Met and 35S-Cys incorporation). Steady-state mRNA levels of type II collagen were...

Gunstige ervaringen met intraveneuze antimicrobiele therapie buiten het ziekenhuis [Good results of intravenous antimicrobial treatment outside the hospital]

Objective. To determine whether intravenous home treatment with antimicrobial drugs of patients with an infection is feasible. Design. Descriptive. Setting. Academic Hospital, Leiden, the Netherlands. Method. In October 1992 a programme for intravenous home treatment of patients with infectious diseases was started. The programme was based on...