Increased clearance explains lower plasma levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator by estradiol: Evidence for potently enhanced mannose receptor expression in mice

Several clinical studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between circulating levels of estrogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that estrogen lower plasma levels of t-PA by increasing its clearance from the bloodstream. 17α-Ethinyl estradiol (EE) treatment resulted in...

Regulation of endothelial cell t-PA synthesis and release

The fibrinolytic activity of blood is to a large extent determined by the plasma level of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Changes in the plasma level of t-PA are mainly achieved by the endothelium by two mechanisms: (a) a rapid, short-term release of t-PA, which occurs within minutes (acute release, regulated secretion) and (b) a long...

Stimulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator synthesis by retinoids in cultured human endothelial cells and rat tissues in vivo

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), play an important role in regulating the fibrinolytic capacity of plasma. Both t-PA and PAI-1 are synthesized by the endothelium. We report that retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) and other retinoids rather specifically stimulate the production of...