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Baumans, V. (author), van Loo, P.L.P. (author)Housing systems for captive animals have often been designed on the basis of economic and ergonomic considerations, such as equipment, costs, space, workload, ability to observe the animals and to maintain a certain degree of hygiene, with little or no consideration for animal welfare. Environmental refinement can be defined as any modification...article 2013
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Vink, S.R. (author), Mikkers, J. (author), Bouwman, T. (author), Marquart, H. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)REACH requests the exploration of alternative strategies for hazard identification before resorting to (in vivo) testing. Here, we combined read-across as non-testing strategy with a tiered exposure assessment for the risk characterisation of 1-methoxypropan-2-ol (PGME) as a representative for phase-in substances to be registered under REACH....article 2010
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Baumans, V. (author), van Loo, P.L.P. (author), Pham, T.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Rats and mice are the most commonly used species as laboratory animal models of diseases in biomedical research. Environmental factors such as cage size, number of cage mates and cage structure such as environmental enrichment can affect the physiology and behavioural development of laboratory animals and their well-being throughout their lives....article 2010
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- Bouvier D'Yvoire, M. (author), Prieto, P. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author), Bois, F.Y. (author), Boobis, A. (author), Brochot, C. (author), Coecke, S. (author), Freidig, A. (author), Gundert-Remy, U. (author), Hartung, T. (author), Jacobs, M.N. (author), Lavé, T. (author), Leahy, D.E. (author), Lennernäs, H. (author), Loizou, G.D. (author), Meek, B. (author), Pease, C. (author), Rowland, M. (author), Spendiff, M. (author), Yang, J. (author), Zeilmaker, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2007
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- Balls, M. (author), Berg, N. (author), Bruner, L.H. (author), Curren, R.D. (author), de Silva, O. (author), Earl, L.K. (author), Esdaile, D.J. (author), Fentem, J.H. (author), Liebsch, M. (author), Ohno, Y. (author), Prinsen, M.K. (author), Spielmann, H. (author), Worth, A.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author) article 1999