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Beelen, R. (author), Voogt, M. (author), Duyzer, J. (author), Zandveld, P.Y.J. (author), Hoek, G. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The performance of a Land Use Regression (LUR) model and a dispersion model (URBIS - URBis Information System) was compared in a Dutch urban area. For the Rijnmond area, i.e. Rotterdam and surroundings, nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations for 2001 were estimated for nearly 70 000 centroids of a regular grid of 100 × 100 m.A LUR...article 2010
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Keuken, M. (author), van der Denier Gon, H. (author), van der Valk, K. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)From research on PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> in 2007/2008 in the Netherlands, it was concluded that the coarse fraction (PM<sub>2.5-10</sub>) attributed 60% and 50% respectively, to the urban-regional and street-urban increments of PM<sub>10</sub>. Contrary to Scandinavian and Mediterranean countries which exhibit significant seasonal...article 2010
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Koornneef, J. (author), Ramirez, A. (author), van Harmelen, T. (author), van Horssen, A. (author), Turkenburg, W. (author), Faaij, A. (author), TNO Bouw en ondergrond (author)This study quantifies the trade-offs and synergies between climate and air quality policy objectives for the European power and heat (P&H) sector. An overview is presented of the expected performance data of CO<sub>2</sub> capture systems implemented at P&H plants, and the expected emission of key air pollutants, being: SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>X<...article 2010
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Dröge, R. (author), Kuenen, J.J.P. (author), Pulles, M.P.J. (author), Heslinga, D.C. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Parties to the LRTAP convention have agreed to annually report atmospheric emissions and are required to set up an emission inventory. As a minimum, parties shall use the latest version of the EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Inventory Guidebook, but most countries - including the Netherlands - have set up their own inventory, which uses country specific...article 2010
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Manders, A.M.M. (author), Schaap, M. (author), Querol, X. (author), Albert, M.F.M.A. (author), Vercauteren, J. (author), Kuhlbusch, T.A.J. (author), Hoogerbrugge, R. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The oceans are a major source for particles that play an important role in many atmospheric processes. In Europe sea salt may contribute significantly to particulate matter concentrations. We have compiled sodium concentration data as a tracer for sea salt for 89 sites in Europe to provide more insight in the distribution of sea salt across...article 2010
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Kugler, U. (author), Theloke, J. (author), Thiruchittampalam, B. (author), Geftler, T. (author), Uzbasich, M. (author), Köble, R. (author), Friedrich, R. (author), Builtjes, P. (author), van der Gon, H.D. (author), Stern, R. (author), Jörb, W. (author), Dämmgen, U. (author), Appelhans, J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Large scale exceedances of PM<sub>10</sub> and N0<sub>2</sub> ambient air limit values will continue in Germany despite the implementation of national and international policies. An integrated approach has therefore been developed to assess different cost-effective mitigation strategies for all source groups on a national level. On-road and ofT...conference paper 2010
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Zeiler, W. (author), Quanjel, E.M.C.J. (author), Borsboom, W.A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Design for adaptability should start with the occupants needs for comfort and indoor air quality. These are partly influences by the changing environmental forces as wind and sun. Weather predictions and the aggegated voting of users about their thermal comfort, should be the leading parameters to adaptable comfort and the adaptable building. To...conference paper 2009
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Arts, R.J. (author), Baradello, L. (author), Girard, J.F. (author), Kirby, G. (author), Lombardi, S. (author), Williamson, P. (author), Zaja, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)CO2 storage in the subsurface is becoming more and more attractive as a means to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere and hence minimize human-induced global warming. The ability to monitor and verify these CO2 storage reservoirs is a key element for further implementation of other storage sites. Since the current sites fortunately do not...article 2009
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Muller, T. (author), Nowak, A. (author), Wiedensohler, A. (author), Sheridan, P. (author), Laborde, M. (author), Covert, D.S. (author), Marinoni, A. (author), Imre, K. (author), Henzing, B. (author), Roger, J.C. (author), Dos Santos, S.M. (author), Wilhelm, R. (author), Wang, Y.Q. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Integrating nephelometers are widely used for monitoring and research applications related to air pollution and climate. Several commercial versions of the instrument are available and are in wide use in the community. This article reports on results from a calibration and intercomparison workshop where several units of the three most widely...article 2009
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Neto, B. (author), Kroeze, C. (author), Hordijk, L. (author), Costa, C. (author), Pulles, M.P.J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)This study explores a model (MIKADO) to analyse scenarios for the reduction of the environmental impact of an aluminium die casting plant. Our model calculates the potential to reduce emissions, and the costs associated with implementation of reduction options. In an earlier paper [Neto, B., Kroeze, C., Hordijk, L., Costa, C., 2008. Modelling...article 2009
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Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. (author), Appelman, W. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Large-scale use of leaded gasoline was an important source of the neurotoxin lead in the European environment. After a sequence of regulations on the allowed gasoline lead content and, eventually, a ban on the use of lead additives in gasoline, road transport was no longer considered a source of atmospheric lead. Currently a discrepancy exists...article 2009
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Joumard, R. (author), Laurikko, J. (author), Han, T.L. (author), Geivanidis, S. (author), Samaras, Z. (author), Merétei, T. (author), Devaux, P. (author), André, J.-M. (author), Cornelis, E. (author), Lacour, S. (author), Prati, M.V. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author), Zallinger, M. (author)The influence of 20 parameters on the measurement of light-vehicle emission factors on chassis dynamometer based on driving patterns, vehicle-related parameters, vehicle sampling, and laboratory-related parameters, was studied. The results were based on literature synthesis, ≈ 2700 specific tests with 183 vehicles, and the reprocessing of > 900...article 2009
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Beelen, R. (author), Hoek, G. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Fischer, P. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Jerrett, M. (author), Hughes, E. (author), Armstrong, B. (author), Brunekreef, B. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Several studies have found an effect on mortality of between-city contrasts in long-term exposure to air pollution. The effect of within-city contrasts is still poorly understood. Objectives: We studied the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and mortality in a Dutch cohort. Methods: We used data...article 2008
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Fransman, W. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Meijster, T. (author), van Hemmen, J. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Goede, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: This paper describes the development and evaluation of an evidence database on the effectiveness of risk management measures (RMMs) to control inhalation exposure. This database is referred to as Exposure Control Efficacy Library (ECEL). Methods: A comprehensive review of scientific journals in the occupational hygiene field was...article 2008
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van Leeuwen, D.M. (author), Pedersen, M. (author), Hendriksen, P.J.M. (author), Boorsma, A. (author), van Herwijnen, M.H.M. (author), Gottschalk, R.W.H. (author), Kirsch-Volders, M. (author), Knudsen, L.E. (author), Šrám, R.J. (author), Bajak, E. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author), Kleinjans, J.C.S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Differences in biological responses to exposure to hazardous airborne substances between children and adults have been reported, suggesting children to be more susceptible. Aim of this study was to improve our understanding of differences in susceptibility in cancer risk associated with air pollution by comparing genome-wide gene expression...article 2008
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Peters, R.J.B. (author), Beeltje, H. (author), van Delft, R.J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The exposure to some chemicals can lead to hormone disrupting effects. Presently, much attention is focused on so-called xeno-estrogens, synthetic compounds that interact with hormone receptors causing a number of reactions that eventually lead to effects related to reproduction and development. The current study was initiated to investigate the...article 2008
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Spaan, S. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author), Preller, L. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Nij, E.T. (author), Heederik, D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: Workers in many industries are exposed to endotoxins, which may cause adverse health effects. In exposure assessment, information about exposure variability is essential. However, variability in exposure has rarely been investigated for biological agents and more specifically for endotoxin. Therefore, variance components and...article 2008
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Tielemans, E. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Warren, N. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), van Hemmen, J. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The present paper proposes a source-receptor model to schematically describe inhalation exposure to help understand the complex processes leading to inhalation of hazardous substances. The model considers a stepwise transfer of a contaminant from the source to the receptor. The conceptual model is constructed using three components, i.e. (i) the...article 2008
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Beelen, R. (author), Hoek, G. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Fischer, P. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Armstrong, B. (author), Brunekreef, B. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Most studies on the association between lung cancer and air pollution have investigated mortality. There have been few studies of lung cancer incidence. Methods: We used data from the ongoing Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer for 114,378 subjects with follow-up from September 1986 to December 1997. Exposure to black smoke,...article 2008
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Stern, R. (author), Builtjes, P. (author), Schaap, M. (author), Timmermans, R. (author), Vautard, R. (author), Hodzic, A. (author), Memmesheimer, M. (author), Feldmann, H. (author), Renner, E. (author), Wolke, R. (author), Kerschbaumer, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Five three-dimensional chemical transport models of different complexity were applied to Central Europe to assess the ability of models to reproduce PM10 concentrations under highly polluted conditions. The participating models were the French CHIMERE model, the Dutch LOTOS-EUROS model, as well as the REM-CALGRID, the EURAD and the LM-MUSCAT...article 2008