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Broekmans, W.M.R. (author), Berendschot, T.T.J.R. (author), Klöpping-Ketelaars, I.A.A. (author), de Vries, A.J. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Tijburg, L.B.M. (author), Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), van Poppel, G. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Background: Macular pigment (MP), concentrated in the central area of the retina, contains the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. A low MP density could be a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration. Little information is available regarding MP density in relation to serum lutein and zeaxanthin and adipose lutein concentrations in a...article 2002
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van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. (author), Daanen, H.A.M. (author)Purpose of review Cold response can be insulative (drop in peripheral temperature) or metabolic (increase in energy expenditure). Nonshivering thermogenesis by sympathetic, norepinephrine-induced mitochondrial heat production in brown adipose tissue is a well known component of this metabolic response in infants and several animal species. In...article 2003
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Sierksma, A. (author), Patel, H. (author), Ouchi, N. (author), Kihara, S. (author), Funahashi, T. (author), Heine, R.J. (author), Grobbee, D.E. (author), Kluft, C. (author), Hendriks, H.F.J. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)OBJECTIVE - Epidemiological studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumers have enhanced insulin sensitivity and a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, has been found to be negatively associated with adiposity and positively associated with insulin sensitivity. Moderate alcohol consumption may...article 2004
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den Boer, M. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Kuipers, F. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Epidemiological studies in humans, as well as experimental studies in animal models, have shown an association between visceral obesity and dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, attention has been focused on the excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in the liver as part of this syndrome. In this review,...article 2004
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Ferreira, I. (author), Snijder, M.B. (author), Twisk, J.W.R. (author), van Mechelen, W. (author), Kemper, H.C.G. (author), Seidell, J.C. (author), Stehouwer, C.D.A. (author), TNO Arbeid (author)Central and peripheral fatness seem to confer opposite (i.e. adverse vs. protective) effects on cardiovascular risk, but how this occurs is not clear. In addition, the role of peripheral lean mass needs to be elucidated. We therefore investigated, in 336 (175 women) 36-yr-old and apparently healthy adults, the relationship between trunk fat,...article 2004
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Gaubius Instituut TNO (author), Muurling, M. (author), van den Hoek, A.M. (author), Mensink, R.P. (author), Pijl, H. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author)Obese obob mice with strong overexpression of the human apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) exhibit excessive free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride (TG) levels and severely reduced body weight (due to the absence of subcutaneous adipose tissue) and skin abnormalities. To evaluate the effects of APOC1 overexpression on hepatic and peripheral insulin...article 2004
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TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author), Mandard, S. (author), Zandbergen, F. (author), Nguan, S.T. (author), Escher, P. (author), Patsouris, D. (author), Koenig, W. (author), Kleemann, R. (author), Bakker, A. (author), Veenman, F. (author), Wahli, W. (author), Müller, M. (author), Kersten, S. (author)The fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF, ANGPTL4, PGAR, HFARP) was previously identified as a novel adipocytokine that was up-regulated by fasting, by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, and by hypoxia. To further characterize FIAF, we studied regulation of FIAF mRNA and protein in liver and adipose cell lines as well as in...article 2004
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TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author), Schaap, F.G. (author), Rensen, P.C.N. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Vrins, C. (author), van der Vliet, H.N. (author), Chamuleau, R.A.F.M. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Groen, A.K. (author), van Dijk, K.W. (author)ApoAV has been discovered recently as a novel modifier of triglyceride (TG) metabolism, but the pathways involved are currently unknown. To gain insight into the function of apoAV, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of murine apoa5 to C57Bl/6 mice was employed. The injection of low doses of Ad-apoa5 (1-5 x 108 plaque-forming units/mouse) dose...article 2004
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Gaubius Instituut TNO (author), Goudriaan, J.R. (author), Espirito Santo, S.M.S. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Teusink, B. (author), van Dijk, K.W. (author), van Vlijmen, B.J.M. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Rensen, P.C.N. (author)The VLDL receptor (VLDLr) is involved in tissue delivery of VLDL-triglyceride (TG)-derived FFA by facilitating the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). However, vldlr-/- mice do not show altered plasma lipoprotein levels, despite reduced LPL expression. Because LPL activity is crucial in postprandial lipid metabolism, we investigated whether...article 2004
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de Boer, V.C.J. (author), Dihal, A.A. (author), van der Woude, H. (author), Arts, I.C.W. (author), Wolffram, S. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Keijer, J. (author), Hollman, P.C.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Quercetin is a dietary polyphenolic compound with potentially beneficial effects on health. Claims that quercetin has biological effects are based mainly on in vitro studies with quercetin aglycone. However, quercetin is rapidly metabolized, and we have little knowledge of its availability to tissues. To assess the long-term tissue distribution...article 2005
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Euser, A.M. (author), Finken, M.J.J. (author), Keijzer-Veen, M.G. (author), Hille, E.T.M. (author), Wit, J.M. (author), Dekker, F.W. (author)Background: Increasing evidence indicates that adult body composition is associated with prenatal and infancy weight gain, but the relative importance of different time periods has not been elucidated. Objective: The objective was to study the association between prenatal, early postnatal, and late infancy weight gain and body mass index (BMI),...article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Grefhorst, A. (author), van Dijk, T.H. (author), Hammer, A. (author), van der Sluijs, F.H. (author), Havinga, R. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Groot, P.H. (author), Reijngoud, D.J. (author), Kuipers, F. (author)Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists have been proposed to act as anti-diabetic drugs. However, pharmacological LXR activation leads to severe hepatic steatosis, a condition usually associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. To address this apparent contradiction, lean and ob/ob mice were treated with the LXR agonist GW-3965 for...article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Gerritsen, G. (author), Rensen, P.C.N. (author), Kypreos, K.E. (author), Zannis, V.I. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), van Dijk, K.W. (author)Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of human apolipoprotein E (apoE) induces hyperlipidemia by stimulating the VLDL-triglyceride (TG) production rate and inhibiting the LPL-mediated VLDL-TG hydrolysis rate. Because apoC-III is a strong inhibitor of TG hydrolysis, we questioned whether Apoc3 deficiency might prevent the hyperlipidemia induced by...article 2005
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Sweeney, R.E. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Maxwell, D.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB/PK) model has been developed in advanced computer simulation language (ACSL) to describe blood and tissue concentration-time profiles of the C(±)P(-) stereoisomers of soman after inhalation, subcutaneous and intravenous exposures at low (0.8-1.0 × LD50), medium (2-3 × LD50) and high (6 × LD50) levels...article 2006
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Gray, S.L. (author), Dalla Nora, E. (author), Grosse, J. (author), Manieri, M. (author), Stoeger, T. (author), Medina-Gomez, G. (author), Burling, K. (author), Wattler, S. (author), Russ, A. (author), Yeo, G.S.H. (author), Chatterjee, V.K. (author), O'Rahilly, S. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Cinti, S. (author), Vidal-Puig, A. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ is a key transcription factor facilitating fat deposition in adipose tissue through its proadipogenic and lipogenic actions. Human patients with dominant-negative mutations in PPARγ display lipodystrophy and extreme insulin resistance. For this reason it was completely unexpected that mice...article 2006
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den Boer, M.A.M. (author), Berbée, J.F.P. (author), Reiss, P. (author), van der Valk, M. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Kuipers, F. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Rensen, P.C.N. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)Objective - The use of the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir (RTV) is frequently associated with hypertriglyceridemia and lipodystrophy. The aim of our study was to determine the mechanism underlying the observed hypertriglyceridemia. Methods and Results - Feeding female APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice a Western-type diet supplemented with RTV (35...article 2006
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den Boer, M.A.M. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Schröder-van Der Elst, J.P. (author), Korsheninnikova, E. (author), Ouwens, D.M. (author), Kuipers, F. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Several studies have demonstrated an association in humans between plasma levels or production capacity of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 and insulin sensitivity. The aim of our study was to investigate the protective role of endogenous IL-10 availability in the development of diet-induced insulin resistance. We compared parameters of...article 2006
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den Boer, M.A.M. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Kuipers, F. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Insulin is an important inhibitor of both hepatic glucose output and hepatic VLDL-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) production. We investigated whether both processes are equally sensitive to insulin-mediated inhibition. To test this, we used euglycemic clamp studies with four increasing plasma concentrations of insulin in wild-type C57Bl/6 mice. By...article 2006
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Heijboer, A.C. (author), van den Hoek, A.M. (author), Parlevliet, E.T. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Pijl, H. (author), Corssmit, E.P.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Aims/hypothesis: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ghrelin on insulin's capacity to suppress endogenous glucose production and promote glucose disposal in mice. To establish whether the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor can mediate the putative effect of ghrelin on the action of insulin, we also determined the...article 2006
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Beulens, J.W.J. (author), van Beers, R.M. (author), Stolk, R.P. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), Hendriks, H.F.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objective: To investigate the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on fat distribution, adipose tissue secreted proteins (adiponectin and resistin), and insulin sensitivity in healthy middle-aged men with abdominal obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: Thirty-four healthy men between 35 and 70 years old, with increased waist circumference ...article 2006