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Golliard, J. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)In this paper, the impedance of a rectangular opening submitted to a turbulent grazing flow is investigated experimentally. The opening is located in a flat plate where a turbulent boundary layer flow develops. The impedance is measured with a two-microphone measuring pipe installed below the opening. The opening has a rectangular shape of large...conference paper 2003
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Janssens, M.H.A. (author), Verheij, J.W. (author), Loyau, T. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)In the analysis of machinery noise the aspect of sound source characterisation is of importance. Unlike for airborne sources, no widely applicable methods are available yet for structure-borne sound sources. In previous work a 'pseudo-forces' methodology was suggested. In this approach fictitious forces on the outer surface replace the internal...article 2002
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- van Wijngaarden, S.J. (author), Steeneken, H.J.M. (author), Houtgast, T. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author) article 2002
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Snellen, M. (author), van Lier, L.J. (author), Rops, C. (author), Janssens, M.H.A. (author), van Heck, J. (author), Strumolo, G.S. (author)Due to the successes in reducing motor and tire noise as perceived inside cars and trucks, aerodynamically generated noise becomes more and more important. Some time ago the study of aero-acoustics in and around these vehicles was mainly done by wind tunnel test. Nowadays, computational methods become available that allow for numerical...conference paper 2002
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Steeneken, H.J.M. (author), Houtgast, T. (author)The revised model for the speech transmission index (STIr, Speech Communication 28 (1999) 109), was validated with an independent set of 68 test conditions. For a subset of 18 conditions, including only additive noise and band-pass limiting, it was veri.ed that the STIr provides a good prediction of the CVC-word score. The additional...article 2002
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van Wijngaarden, S.J. (author), Steeneken, H.J.M. (author), Houtgast, T. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)When listening to languages learned at a later age, speech intelligibility is generally lower than when listening to one's native language. The main purpose of this study is to quantify speech intelligibility in noise for specific populations of non-native listeners, only broadly addressing the underlying perceptual and linguistic processing. An...article 2002
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TNO Human Factors (author), Versfeld, N.J. (author), Vos, J. (author)A laboratory study was conducted to examine the relationship between noise annoyance and the proportion of heavy vehicles in a mixture of trucks and passenger cars. Twenty normal-hearing subjects were asked to judge the annoyance caused by the sounds from a continuous stream of vehicles, assuming they were exposed to it at home on a regular...article 2002
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Langendijk, E.H.A. (author), Kistler, D.J. (author), Wightman, F.L. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)Localizing a target sound can be a challenge when one or more distracter sounds are present at the same time. This study measured the effect of distracter position on target localization for one distracter (17 positions) and two distracters (21 combinations of 17 positions). Listeners were instructed to point to the apparent position of a train...article 2001
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Ostertag, J.S.D. (author), Guidati, G. (author), Wagner, S. (author), Golliard, J. (author)The noise prediction model SATIN (Statistical Approach to Turbulence /nduced Noise) is presented. SATIN assumes axial symmetric turbulence with the length scale ratio λ and the Reynolds stress ratio ξ as two anisotropy parameters. The model is based on Lighthill's acoustic analogy and allows to predict both the far-field noise radiation as well...conference paper 2001
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Geerlings, A.C. (author), Thompson, D.J. (author), Verheij, J.W. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)A promising means of reducing the rolling noise from trains is local shielding in the form of vehicle-mounted shrouds combined with low trackside barriers. This is much less visually intrusive than classic lineside noise barriers. Various experimental methods have been proposed that allow the performance to be assessed under static conditions,...article 2001
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Machielse, L.A.H. (author)-report 2001
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TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author), Fields, J.M. (author), de Jong, R.G. (author), Gjestland, T. (author), Flindell, I.H. (author), Job, R.F.S. (author), Kurra, S. (author), Lercher, P. (author), Vallet, M. (author), Yano, T. (author), Guski, R. (author), Felscher-Suhr, U. (author), Schumer, R. (author)Differences in survey questions' wordings and weakness in some questions used to measure noise annoyance have interfered with accumulating knowledge about the factors that affect different communities' responses to noise. In 1993 an ICBEN team, Community Response to Noise, set the goal of creating high-quality survey questions that would yield...article 2001
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Dittrich, M.G. (author), Janssens, M.H.A. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Some of the issues related to railway noise type testing are discussed and potential improvements to existing procedures are put forward. New and improved methods that also go beyond the scope of type testing are presented that help to characterize and analyze rolling noise more accurately. These methods are indirect measurement of total wheel...article 2000
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de Beer, F.G. (author), Verheij, J.W. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Pass-by noise from freight trains on straight tracks is dominated by rolling noise. The main contributions are generally accepted to originate from vibrations of the track and the wheels. However, there is uncertainty about the contributions from the bogie and the wagon superstructure. This article describes experimental methods to determine...article 2000
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Janssens, M.H.A. (author), Verheij, J.W. (author)In the analysis of machinery noise generation and transmission the aspect of sound source characterization is of importance. Unlike for airborne sources, no widely applicable and practical methods are available yet for structure-borne sound sources. This paper presents the `pseudo-forces' methodology. In this approach the internal excitation in...article 2000
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van der Toorn, J.D. (author), Hendriks, H. (author), van den Dool, T.C. (author)A 10 m high, vertical, synthetic acoustic antenna (Syntacan) has been used to measure the acoustic source strength and the vertical source distribution of a French TGV, as a function of the speed of the train, the frequency of the sound and the coach type (passenger coach, power car). The results are intended as input for calculation schemes and...article 1996
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Vincent, N. (author), Bouvet, P. (author), Thompson, D.J. (author), Gautier, P.E. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)The control of railway rolling noise requires a reduction in wheel and track noise emission. In this paper, a parametric study of the possible minimization of the track sound power is presented. In an initial global approach, a number of potential variations in track parameters are assessed in terms of their likely effect on rolling noise. From...article 1996
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Dings, P.C. (author), Dittrich, M.G. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Surface roughness on 150 railway wheels and on the rails of 30 sites in the Netherlands have been measured. Block braked wheels were found to show higher roughnesses than the rail at any site. The smoothest rail is 8 dB smoother than the smoothest wheel. It was concluded that in reducing railway rolling noise NS must start to find ways to lower...article 1996
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Janssens, M.H.A. (author), Thompson, D.J. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)The sound level of a train crossing a steel railway bridge is usually about 10 dB higher than on plain track. In the Netherlands there are many such bridges which, for practical reasons, cannot be replaced by more intrinsically quiet concrete bridges. A computational model is described for the estimation of noise levels due to a train crossing a...article 1996
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Thompson, D.J. (author), Fodiman, P. (author), Mahé, H. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Two extensive measurement campaigns have been carried out to validate the TWINS prediction program for rolling noise, as described in part 1 of this paper. This second part presents the experimental results of vibration and noise during train pass-bys and compares them with predictions from the TWINS program. The model is found to give quite...article 1996